An essay on the play Romeo and Juliet Essay

In the play we do not meet Romeo until after the fight in the street between the Montague’s and the Capulet’s, Shakespeare shows the audience the feud between the two families before he introduces the main character, Romeo. The first impressions we get of Romeo are that he is a loner and prefers to be on his own, rather then spending time with other people. Shakespeare shows this by making him seem solitary and distant, he also uses darkness to portray Romeos feelings, he does this when Montague describes Romeos actions â€Å"Shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out and makes himself an artificial night†. Montague talks to Benvolio about Romeos troubles and describes his condition as an illness, Shakespeare shows this when Montague says â€Å"as willingly give the cure as known† this shows that Montague describes Romeo as being ill as he refers to a â€Å"cure† being able to help him. When Benvolio promises Montague to â€Å"know his grievance† the audience meets Romeo for the first time already with an idea about his character, that he is a loner and is depressed. When Romeo first appears he has a conversation with Benvolio, this tells the audience what is wrong with Romeo. Romeo tells Benvolio that his current state is because of unrequited love. Shakespeare shows Romeos emotions using a paradox â€Å"O brawling love, O loving hate† (the theme of love and hate is reoccurring through out the play) and â€Å"Feather of lead† these are examples of oxymoron’s (a paradox reduced to two words), they show that Romeo is in a confused and perplexed state, this could mean that Romeo does not fully understand his love for Rosaline and is bewildered by it. Romeo tells Benvolio that the love he feels for Rosaline makes him feel like some one else and he admits to loosing his grip on reality â€Å"I have lost myself; I am not here, this is not Romeo, he’s some other where. † This shows that Romeo is self absorbed and infatuated by Rosaline, this gives the idea that Romeo loves the idea of being in love. Although because his love is unrequited it makes him feel ill and depressed â€Å"sick man in sadness† this shows that Romeo is a romantic character who wants to be in love. Romeo seems to be suffering with his love for Rosaline â€Å"out of her favor I am in love† this shows that Romeo understands that Rosaline will never love him, the thought of this makes Romeo suffer which shows that his attitude to love is idealistic. Romeo seems to be enjoying the fact that he is in love and he would rather be unhappy in love then not be in love at all. Benvolio then tries to help Romeo with his feelings for Rosaline by counseling Romeo. Benvolio tells Romeo he will teach him â€Å"be ruled by me; forget to think of her† this shows that Benvolio cares about Romeo and wishes to help him, he also tries to instruct him to â€Å"examine other beauties† he says this to try an make Romeo fall in love with another person who may return his love. Romeo rejects these ideas this shows that he likes the idea of being in love and does not want to give it up. Benvolio tries to teach Romeo to forget about Rosaline by using a several proverbs â€Å"one fire burns out another’s burning† this means that he will forget all about Rosaline if he finds some one else to love. For this Romeo ridicules Benvolio by telling him simple cures for a simple wound. Romeo then goes on to describe the torment of unrequited love â€Å"shut up in prison, kept without food and whipped† this shows how Romeos unrequited love is making him feel, the pain that Romeo describes seems to have been exaggerated which shows that Romeo is obsessed by his own suffering. During their conversation one of the Capulet’s servants asks them to read out a party invitation as he cannot read. Romeo only goes to the party from heavy persuasion by Benvolio and the thought of seeing Rosaline. The thought of seeing her also cheers Romeo up. On his way to the party Romeo continues to show that his love for Rosaline is never ending, as he protests about having fun at the party because the pain from love is to much â€Å"Give me a torch. I am not for this ambling being but heavy I will bear the light† This shows that he does not want to partake in the dancing or have fun and he also refuses to be cheered up further (in the time this was written bearing the torch meant that the person would not have to dance). Romeo uses puns to describe how he feels about dancing at the party â€Å"With nimble soles; I have a soul of lead† this shows that Romeo is still showing the pain he feels. He claims that he will not be hit by cupid’s arrow which shows that he does not think he will love anyone else. When Romeo reaches the party he meets Juliet for the first time. He falls in love with her when he first lays his eyes upon her, this makes the audience feel that Romeos love for Rosaline was not true but what he feels for Juliet might be, at this point Romeo forgets all about Rosaline this shows Romeo is fickle in love. Romeo then uses images of light and dark to describe how she stands out from the rest of the people at the party â€Å"She hangs upon the cheek of night, as a rich jewel† Romeos language no longer seems forced but genuine this shows that he is a romantic person who has truly fallen in love. Romeo and Juliet share a sonnet the first time they meet, Romeo describes him self as a pilgrim worshipping a shrine which symbolizes Juliet, â€Å"this holy shrine, the gentle sin is this. My lips, two blushing pilgrims† this shows the true love that the two feel for each other. At the end of the sonnet Romeo kisses Juliet, but before they kiss again Juliet’s maid takes her away to Lady Capulet (Juliet’s mother), when this happens both Romeo and Juliet realize that their families are enemies. Romeo then states that â€Å"my life is my foes debt† this shows that his life is now in Juliet’s hands and is out of his control, this again shows that Romeo is truly in love with Juliet as he is going to wait and let Juliet control him. In conclusion Shakespeare reveals Romeos attitude to love in many different ways he shows that he is ruled by his emotions and is not rational when it comes to love. He also shows that Romeo is fickle in love; he also seems to like the idea of being in love and enjoys the suffering he feels from unrequited love. He shows that Romeos love is unpredictable as he forgets about Rosaline all too quickly; this shows that Romeo may be genuinely falling in love for the first time. I think Shakespeare has portrayed Romeos character well as he shows a number of different emotions and uses different techniques portray his ideas of the character Romeo.

The Number Of People Unemployed - 1909 Words

The number of people unemployed is defined by economists as â€Å"those of working age who are without work, but who are available for work at current wage rates.† If the number of people who are unemployed is worked out but needs to be displayed as a percentage, then it is a percentage of the total labour force. According to Sloman, the labour force is defined as: â€Å"those in employment (including the self-employment, those in the armed forces and those on government training schemes) plus those unemployed.† According to the Labour Force Survey the rate of unemployment is estimated to be 5.9% for the period of July-September 2015 which is the most recent figure to date. This rate of unemployed fell by 0.6% from the previous quarter. There are a number of different types of unemployment which is due to a number of causes. One type of unemployment is structural unemployment. This is a result of a mismatch of skills they have and what the new skills are needed to move into a new job. This type of unemployment happens when there is a long-term decline in demand within a particular industry which leads to demand for jobs to decrease as there is fewer jobs. An example would be the ship building and textile industries in Belfast. Those who are economically active are no longer trained how to build ships as there has been a long term decline within this industry. Since there was a long term decline in ship building, those who were employed in this industry may have little use with theirShow MoreRelatedCauses And Effects Of Unemployment1611 Words   |  7 Pagesunable to find any work. In addition, to define a person as unemployed, the person must be an active member of the labor force in search of work. (Encyclopedia B ritannica, 2012) Unemployment can be caused by several different factors. Depending on the reasons for unemployment, they are classified as such: frictional, structural, and cyclical. There will always be a certain number of people that are frictionally or structurally unemployed due to varying reasons in the economy. Frictional and structuralRead MoreUnemployment And The Economy By Emily B. Irwin1329 Words   |  6 Pagesforce in every economy – wages paid for labor promote consumer spending and the output of that labor is critical to a company’s success. Similarly, unemployed workers represent wasted potential production in the economy. Therefore, individuals are directly affected by unemployment and it is a significant economic concern.† (Simpson, 2011) Because most people rely on income generated by â€Å"working† to maintain their standard of living, the loss of employment often directly threatens to reduce that standardRead MoreThe Real Unemployment Rate1014 Words   |  5 Pagesactually the true figure, or is the real number being misrepresented? In effort to answer this question, one has to understand the breakdown of the U.S. population as it relates to the actual labor force. One also has to comprehend who the government considers to be unemployed. I will be analyzing the current statistical numbers provided by the BLS, as well providing a detailed analysis of the government’s perspective as to what is deemed to be employed and unemployed. As mentioned in our text, EconomicsRead MoreThe Unemployment Of The United States1026 Words   |  5 Pages In the United States, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively searching for employment as a fraction of the labor force. While things seem to be looking up for the economy with lower gas prices and grocery bills are decreasing, unemployment still seems the plague the country. Only 63 percent of working-age Americans have a job or are actively looking for one -- the lowest share of the population participating in the labor force since 1978. (The population of working-age AmericansRead MoreLabor Is A Driving Force921 Words   |  4 PagesLauren Lawson Dr. Scott Testa EC201.3 December 1, 2014 Unemployment in America Labor is a driving force in every economy. Wages paid for labor helps increase consumer spending and is essential for companies. Unemployed workers represent wasted potential inside an economy. Unemployment arises when factors of production that are willing and able to produce goods and services are not actively engaged in production. Unemployment means that the economy isn’t meeting its goal of full employment. ThereRead MoreUnemployment And Its Impact On The Nation s Unemployment Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagescountry and also is one of the biggest problems that we have as well. In essence it is the state of being unemployed. There are three total types of unemployment: frictional, structural and cyclical. The latest unemployment rate reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) was 4.9% in January. The way that we measure unemployment is BLS conducts a national survey that is random to a number around 60,000 households. They do this to determine who is employed and who is not employed. The surveyRead MoreUnemployment : A Social And An Economic Threat1127 Words   |  5 PagesUnemployment has become both a social development and a global economic threat. According to the International Labor organization (ILO) report released in 2007, more than one people are working on low wage or are underemployed, as another 178 million is unemployed (Assaad Roudi-Fahimi, 2007). In 2009 the number of unemployed people increased to 212 million. There are many causes that have contributed to unemployment. Some of the key concerns of unemployment are increase in technological change, populationRead MoreProblems Caused By Overpopulation Is The Rise Of A Place Populated With Excessively Large Numbers879 Words   |  4 Pagesexcessively large numbers’. It is considered a problem in man y senses, since it causes a number of issues for various different reasons. One major issue caused by overpopulation is the rise of unemployment. This is when people actively seeking employment or just people that are able to work remain unemployed. Overpopulation causes this because the amount of jobs available would be the same as before the city became overpopulated, meaning that there wouldn’t be enough jobs for the amount of people needing oneRead MoreInvestigative Report On Labour Market Trends1690 Words   |  7 Pagesthe bargaining power. What is Unemployment? The workforce is separated into two sections, the employed and the unemployed. An individual is defined as being employed if they work for one or more hour each week. An individual is defined as unemployed if they are currently available for work, currently searching for work and are unable to find it. As a result of an individual being unemployed, labour resources are not being utilised to their full potential in an economy. Nature, Causes and Effects ofRead MoreUnemployment is Harmful to the Health and Well-being of Families597 Words   |  3 Pagescontributing factors to consider why the unemployment rate remains so high. The unemployment rate has a lasting effect on people who have families to support. This document will review the different ways unemployment could be harmful to the health and well-being on families and of people. A weak economy is why todays unemployment crisis continues to grow and this affects people and their families. The Main Cause One of the major causes of unemployment today is the lack of capacity in the

Defaulting College Tuition Debt - 3381 Words

PROBLEM DEFINITION Along with scholarships, fellowships, and grants, student loans are an important method of financing post-secondary education. With tuition costs rising, more students are borrowing to pay for college education today. However, not all students realize the burden of paying back their student loans. Many are defaulting. Moreover, individual borrowers are not the only ones who face the consequences of the loan default. The federal government recovers around 80% of the total defaulted amount of student loans, losing billions of dollars each year. The latest data from the U.S. Department of Education indicates that student loan default rates have been rising. Official 2011 default rate is 10%. (Comparison of FY 2011 2-Year†¦show more content†¦Borrowers do not have power over the maximum amount they can borrow, over the interest rate, over anything in fact. However, at the time of enrollment, loan is not a real thing for the borrowers, as they do not have to worry about paying it back right away. They face problems when they need help repaying the loans or cannot repay the loans. Then, they have a legitimate and urgent issue to deal with, but still no power. So the borrowers are moderately salient or expectant stakeholders (Mitchell, Agle, and Wood 853-86). They can only choose from the availa ble repayment options or default on their loans. Another group of stakeholders is the schools. Loan servicers monitor when students do not make payments on their loans and go into default and report it to the school and the department of education. At this point, the school tries to reach the student and explain to them existing repayment plans or forbearance options. If the student does not sign the repayment plan or the forbearance, the loan is reported on a cohort default rate. (Default cohort consists of loans that go into the repayment during a single federal fiscal year (from Oct 1 to Sept 30). There are 2-year and 3-year default cohort periods). If the reported school default rate gets to 25% in 3 consecutive years or 40% in one year, the college could lose eligibility to participate in the Direct Loan program, and in most cases, the Federal Pell Grant program. That isShow MoreRelatedIntroduction. In The Recent Years, There Has Been An Increasing1016 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction In the recent years, there has been an increasing difficulty in paying tuition fees for college students. This has been brought about by high cost of living and inflation. In addition, college tuition fees today as compared to 50 years back have increased exponentially. As a result, more students are opting to applying and taking student loans provided by the federal government. Consequently, statistics show that the amount of student dept is souring. This has led to economists startRead MoreAmeric The College Loan Scandal1357 Words   |  6 Pages1. Matt Taibbi argues in his Rolling Stone article â€Å"Ripping Off America: The College-Loan Scandal† that the government, colleges and universities, are all perpetuating this scandal of ripping off unknowing students. He states that students have essentially been backed into a corner because any good paying job requires a 4 year degree, but the debt gathered in doing so makes life after getting a degree just as difficult. Taibbià ¢â‚¬â„¢s first point of surprise was â€Å"In 2010, it estimated that one in fiveRead MoreThe Problem Of Student Debt901 Words   |  4 Pagesproblem: Student debt has become a major problem for our college graduates to not only to start their career but also starting their lives living independently. a. Symptoms. How does the problem show itself, or what are the difficulty? 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Outstanding student debt doubled from 2005 to 2010, and by 2012 total student debt in the U.S. economy surpassed $1 trillion† (Mian, Sufi 167). There are plenty of opportunities to obtain funds for college, including one of the most common, student loans. A student loan is defined as â€Å"a commonRead MoreThe Problem Of College And Higher Education1630 Words   |  7 PagesKyle Laffin is seen as a typical mid 20’s American. He attended college to pursue a degree in accounting and financial freedom, but this came at a cost which he didn’t imagine. He took out a loan with his dad as a co-signer of a little over $100,000. Even though he got an accounting job directly out of college, he is now stuck paying back a monthly loan payment of $1,200 when he only makes $40,000 a year. This has forced his father to make payment since he cosigned the loan. His father began workingRead MoreThe Rising Cost of Education1737 Words   |  7 Pagesskyrocketed over the past decade or so, leading to a number of social problems including deep debts among graduates. As a result, the value of higher education is being increasingly called into question. Earnings and job outlooks for graduates has grown grimmer over the past decade or two, while those same graduates are more in debt than their parents would have been for the same educational program. Greater debt plus fewer options for paying it off has contributed to the crippling economy. A downward

The Hidden Truth on Ielts Essay Samples with Answers

The Hidden Truth on Ielts Essay Samples with Answers The One Thing to Do for Ielts Essay Samples with Answers IELTS writing correction by a trained examiner is among the effective ways to better your writing. This IELTS Writing task simply asks you to provide your opinion, which seems to be an extremely open question. Understand why you're writing the report. If you search the internet for IELTS essay questions from using this calendar year, you are going to receive a lot of results. After you wrap your head around the job, you can start the outline for your paper. An outline will also help you organise your ideas and set them in the ideal order before you get started writing. What's the rationale, an individual may wonder. The development in income raises the living standard of the folks. Certainly, money has an important role in our lives. It's often argued that it's more advantageous to pick a job with higher wage, even if it writing band 9 essay appeal to you in any way. A great discussion essay must incorporate a comprehensive discussion of either side of the topic. For that reason, it is a great idea to brush up on these things and ask your teacher should you need any clarification on any part of the essay. To begin with, read the topic sentence and remember to understand it. Examine the model essay and read the comments. The Key to Successful Ielts Essay Samples with Answers Therefore don't get intimidated if you believe you can't write such essays. Adding a number of the winning elements from the sample essays below will supply you with the added marks you want to be a high-scorer on the IELTS. Be sure the topic is one which you're interested in personally as it will be simpler that you write. You will be shown a particular topic and asked to compose an 250-word essay about it. It is possible to also get many discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. Be certain to include enough info to demonstrate you've investigated the subject thoroughly. This site provides you with essential information regarding passing the IELTS test. Ask questions if needed. There's, clearly, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. In addition, the writer has an inclination to be repetitive. It doesn't make a difference to us, whether you're too busy on the job concentrating on a passion undertaking, or simply tired of a seemingly infinite stream of assignments. Naturally, anything you've had personal experience with is an excellent place to get started. A significant disadvantage of an admission fee is the chance of cutting back the quantity of visitors. A nation which depends on other nations for the supply of ammunition will gradually suffer and might face defeat. It enhances their capability to save. Another issue is that such restricted living quarters offer you no space for exercise that is a crucial requirement for healthier living. On the opposite side, the Asian folks have a tendency to work for such multi national companies due to the higher salaries in comparison with the home businesses. They say this lets the building to stay open and it is better that some men and women get to experience that, instead of none in any way. Folks need to know how to consider the advantages and pitfalls of the choices they make in life daily. Some people today believe that we ought to use traditional procedures to fix our problems, others say that we need to use modern procedures.

Calculus 11.6 (Directional Derivatives and the Gradient Vector) Example For Students

Calculus 11.6 (Directional Derivatives and the Gradient Vector) Quiz5: Q5 Find the directional derivative of the function at the given point in the specified direction Quiz5: Q6 Find the maximum rate of change of the function at the given point and determine which direction it occurs in Quiz6: Q1 Find the equation of the tangent plane and the normal line to the given surface at the given point Quiz6: Q2 Find the points on the given ellipsoid where the tangent plane is parallel to the given plane Chapter11.6: Ex1 Find the directional derivative of the function given the unit vector and then find its value at the specified point Chapter11.6: Ex2 Find the gradient vector of the given function at the specified point Chapter11.6: Ex3 Find the directional derivative of the function at the specified point in the direction of the specified direction vector Chapter11.6: Ex4 a) Find the gradient of the given function b) Find the directional derivative of the function at the specified point in the direction of the specified direction vector Chapter11.6: Ex5 A) Find the rate of change of the function at the specified point and in the specified direction B) In what direction does f have the maximum rate of change? what is this maximum rate or change? Chapter11.6: Ex6 Suppose the temperature at a point in space is given by the following function where T is measured in degrees Celsius x, y, z in meters. In which direction does the temperature increase fastest at the given point and what is this maximum rate of change? Chapter11.6: Ex7 Find the equations of the tangent plane and normal line at the given point to the ellipsoid

Letter to an Unknown Woman Review Essay Example

Letter to an Unknown Woman Review Paper Essay on Letter to an Unknown Woman Mixed feelings arose in me after reading this story, letter: I felt like a target, and swept shivers, I turned into the invisible observer of human life, whose eyes now and then clouded with tears and my heart jumped out of my skin. Described events gave rise to exciting, do not let the picture, and the characters -. Vivid images In the summary correctly stated Zweig brilliant master of psychological prose As he brilliantly reveals the character of the hero.! Bonton makes him a knight, pleasant appearance attractive and literary craft mysterious. And for such a rich entourage step by step opens idle, even cynical personality We have Wilson accurate aphorism:. Indifference is the highest cruelty. I myself avoid flat in peoples lives. It seems that they live on a low note, and none of them can not worry. And figure out who they are there, inside, is not possible. I do not know about you, but I am horrible with these. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter to an Unknown Woman Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Letter to an Unknown Woman Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Letter to an Unknown Woman Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And so, young, delicate, feminine creation meets on his his way. Oh, how easy creates a halo around it, and waking up with him in the adolescent female, rushing to their fate, as in the abyss. And she was nowhere to escape from his burning, wraparound sight Human life is burned and burned . » The little creature, doomed to loneliness among men. To tell someone to explain from whom wait for help ?! The sudden move to another city, it would seem, is to negate the childrens dreams, but the feeling just gets stronger and blooms body When he returned, the clock is standing under a native windows, not daring to go up the familiar stairs. once again, I remembered the aphorism: If a woman does not know what she wants, she does not want you » discharged obstanovkuï Å ))) Oh, he dolt. , a woman proshlyapil. She just wanted him. And it began to desire other men. He loved her several times. Illegitimate son could join them, but proud by nature, never learned how to like each time a part of his life again, could not bear it, You did not know me then, nor after; you never recognize me. How to tell you, darling, all the disappointment that moment? After all, if the first time I experienced something that I doomed fate, have not you learned all his life, until his death  »  « To you, never known me.  »

Discussion methods Essays

Discussion methods Essays Discussion methods Essay Discussion methods Essay yawning, whispering to a friend, etc. C. Asking Good Questions Questions are a fundamental part of discussion groups. Good discussions usually stem from asking quality questions. Questions can enhance the discussion and even change the atmosphere of the group itself. D. Experiential Learning We learn best when we are actively involved in the learning process. Using the discussion method, a students personal experiences are followed by observation, reflection, and analysis of these experiences. This process leads to formulation of bstract concepts and generalizations, which, in turn, leads to hypotheses to be discussed and tested in future experiences. E. Emphasis on Sstudents Sstudents experiences serve as the basis for the discussion Although the teacher must have a specific goal in mind and a general framework for reaching the goal, student input determines the specific direction the discussion takes. Merits 1. Emphasis on Learning instead of Teaching, Discussion Method emphasises pupil-aactivity in the form of discussion, rather than slmply telllng ana lecturlng Dy tne teacner. I nus, tnls metnoa Is more erec Participation by Everybody. In this method, everybody participates in the discussion, and therefore thinks and expresses himself. This is a sure way of learning. 3. Development of Democratic way of Thinking. Everybody cooperates in the discussion, and the ideas and opinions of everybody are respected. Thus, there is a development of democratic way of thinking and arriving at decision. 4. Training in Self-expression. During discussion, everybody is required to express his ideas and opinions in a clear and concise manner. This provides ample opportunities to the sstudents for training n self-expression. . Spirit of Tolerance is inculcated. The sstudents learn to discuss and differ with other members of the group. They learn to tolerate the views of others even if they are unpleasant and contradictory to each others views. Thus, respect for the view points of others is developed. 6. Learning is made Interesting. More effective learning is possible when the sstudents discuss, criticise a nd share ideas on a particular problem. Active participation by the sstudents in the discussion makes learning full of interest for the sstudents. This also ensures better and effective earning. . Motivation: It helps in motivating the sstudents through their participa tion in discussion and it helps in developing students ability to express them orally. 8. Logical reasoning: All the sstudents try to give more practical and logical reasons for their beliefs and dis-beliefs as a result of which, feeling of healthy competition gets developed in them. Such kind of competitive atmosphere helps in motivating the sstudents to get more and more knowledge from various sources. Limitations 1. Tend to get off topic if the instructor doesnt continually redirect ideas. 2. Not uitable for presenting information for the first time. 3. Content is limited and the method is time consuming. 4. The larger the groups the more difficult it is to guide the discussion. 5. All types of topics cannot be taught by Discussion Method. 6. This method cannot be used for teaching small children. 7. More informed and eager pupils tend to monopolize the discussion. 8. Some sstudents may not take part while others may try to dominate. In spite of these limitations, Discussion Method is a very useful and effective method for the teaching of home science. Role of a teacher The Teachers Role in the Group Discussion In a discussion involving the total group, the teachers role is a crucial one. As the one who does the major share of the planning and preparation, and who usually leads the discussion, the teacher is the dominant and central figure. In the planning and preparation stage, the teacher may need to orient sstudents to the discussion technique in order to prepare them to use discussion time economically. They will need to be encouraged or directed to do some reading or other research and to make note of posslDle questlons prlor to tne Olscusslon. I ne teacner also wlll need to De prepared ith current information. If the class for bank tellers is going to discuss security problems, the teacher may find it necessary to learn about the latest security techniques before leading the class on the topic. During preparation, the teacher can also prepare a list of pertinent and leading questions, designed to help cove the necessary ground and stimulating thinking. The teacher should plan the setting for close but informal grouping, with chairs in a semi-circle, in clusters, or around a large table or grouping of tables. The teacher-leader should be located near the apex of the ushaped group, r wherever all sstudents can see and hear him/her. As the discussion begins, the teacher should lead off by introducing the topic to be discussed, the general limits of the topic, and the time schedule agreed on. The teacher should make the problem clear to all by stating it in specific and direct terms. For example, the teacher in the child care class would not announce the topic simply by saying Today we are going to discuss lead poisoning, but perhaps by saying, What is the scope of the problem of lead poisoning in children today, and what actions can be taken to control the problem? The teacher may formulate some leading questions while a student writes the on the chalkboard. Such questions might be: How serious is the problem of lead poisoning in children: Why are children more seriously affected than adults? What can the government do about the problem? What can the child care worker do? It will be necessary to allow some warming-up time, but as the group gains more experience in discussion, less teacher prompting will be needed. The teacher need not be afraid of some silence as sstudents organize their thoughts, but dead stops in the discussion should be avoided by the use of stimulating questions. As the discussion progresses, the teacher should attempt to establish a free and friendly atmosphere in which contributions can be made without fear, and all have an equal oopportunity to participate. The teacher sets the friendly tone, gives consideration to all contributions, and guides the talk within the outlines of the problem. Each member is encouraged to contribute, with special attention being given to sstudents who are timid or who have difficulty in expressing themselves in public. The extent of learning is closely related to the degree of student interaction and participation. The skillful discussion leader develops an awareness of facial expressions and is sensitive to enthusiasm and to the attitudes of the group. At this stage of the discussion, the teacher should be stimulating sstudents to reason out the problems, helping them to evaluate what they hear, and suggesting possible class activities as outgrowths of the talk. If several small group discussions are operating, the teacher can circulate quietly among the groups, guiding the discussions as he/she would with the total group. In addition, the teacher can make periodic summaries of the discussion, and can ormulate generalizations applicable to other situations. The teacher may also keep the thinking open by taking the weak side of a question, suggesting an opinion to arouse controversy, or acting as the devils advocate. In an office practice class Olscusslon 0T pay ana worKlng conaltlons, Tor Instance, tne teacner may take tne position that lower pay for women is Justified because of their high turnover and the lesser demands made on them. The purpose of this controversial statement would be to force sstudents to substantiate their contentions to the country. All of this is done from the teachers background of knowledge about the subject, but without attempting to force a personal position on the class and without imposing a predetermined solution to the problem. This kind of openness requires a leader who is free from a drive to determine, who is personally secure and willing to be a follower sometimes, and who can restrain his/her own desire to talk. Some situations may develop in the course of a class discussion that can be difficult to handle. The following list addresses some potential problems and suggests some possible solutions to these problems. The Teachers Role in the Panel Discussion The panel leader (in this case, the teacher) is the most important member of the panel. He or she directs preplanning activities, assists any member who is having trouble, and takes responsibility for the overall functioning of the group. A wellprepared leader builds discussion outline†usually a series of questions concerning major issues. The questions may never be asked in exactly that form, but the leader can use them to help keep the discussion within the guidelines. The leader has the responsibility to oversee the panel members preparation and performance. Each member needs to get an over view of the whole problem from reading, then study his/her own particular aspect of the problem (e. g. , the present state of affairs, steps that might be taken, and the effects of such action). During the discussion, the members are exchanging ideas among themselves, but they are doing it for the benefit of the class, so they should partially face and talk to each other, and partially to the audience. Prepared speeches are not in order. The effective panel member (aided by the teacher) will† 00make short contributions, not over one minute in length 00ask probing questions f the other panelists 00follow the discussion of the other panelists 00follow the discussion carefully, actually listening to what others have to say 00relate remarks to what already has been said Douse tact and a friendly approach, and avoid disparaging remarks As the panel opens, the leader offers introductory remarks, states the problem, asks a question of a panel member, or challenges the group. Surprisingly, perhaps, the effective leader usually is the quietest person on the panel. He/she gently steers the discussion, clarifies concepts, and allows the free flow of ideas. As in the group discussion, the leader may need to control the overly-talkative person, encourage the timid, keep the discussion reasonable and cool, and keep the talk on the topic. One of the more exacting responsibilities of the leader is to provide smooth transitions from one aspect of the problem to another. This can be done by a short summary of the discussion up to that point, and an equally short introduction to the next phase of the discussion. When the panel comes to a close, the leader makes a very brief summary 0T tne Olscusslon†a remlnaer 0T wnat tne panel nas Sala, ana tne points o greement reached. After the panel discussion, the leader may invite questions from the class, with a remainder that they are to be brief and to the point. A suggested timing for the whole process might be as follows. 05 minutes for introductions and remarks 0025 to 35 minutes for the panel 005 to 10 minutes for student questions 005 minutes for the teachers critique of the panel process. It is often helpful for the teacher to follow through during the next class period with review of the principles evolved through the discussion. It is at this time, also, that the teacher can give the lass the benefit of his/her own ideas and understandings on the topic and can present his/her general expert con clusion. The Teachers Role in the Symposium In order to gain maximum benefit. rom the symposium. It would be helpful if all interested classes could be brought together at the same time for the symposium. Sstudents can, of course, assist in all phases of the planning. They can help in locating suitable speakers formally inviting them to participate, providing transportation or greeting them at the school, and thanking them at the close of the meeting. Ultimately, however, it is the teachers responsibility to be sure that all of these arrangements have been handled satisfactorily. The symposium if not difficult to conduct. the topic is announced briefly and stated clearly, the speakers are introduced and their special backgrounds noted, and the first speaker is called upon to begin he/her presentation. The chairman can make a short transitional statement as the second speaker has been given a specified time for his/her presentation and his held responsible for presenting a particular aspect of the problem, the chairman oes not direct the discussion or interject his/her own ideas. At the end of the formal speeches, the chairman may direct audiences questions toward specific speakers for responses. A following class period might be used for group discussion of what the class has learned from the symposium. This would also he the correct time for the teacher to present his/her own reactions and conclusions. As in any discussions technique, the teacher should help the class evaluate the experience they have Just had, and suggest to the group how they can improve on the experience in future situations of this kind.