Principles of Responsible Commerce

Standards of Responsible Commerce Most organizations work to make benefit in the general public. Aside from the benefit making objective, organizations ought to guarantee that their tasks get positive changes the general public. The positive changes can be through employment creation and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Principles of Responsible Commerce explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The last doesn't reject non-corporate organizations since any follow up on nature influence all organizations independent of size (Supporting Corporate Social Responsibility 2012). A business that makes riches, offer items that fulfill the necessities of clients and utilizes individuals from a general public is named a mindful business. Additionally, a mindful business endeavors to maintain the rule of value and reasonableness to its whole partners and the neighborhood network when all is said in done. The paper will break down the standards of dependable trade in light to the utilitarianism hypothesis and the learning pattern that I have encountered in this course. Likewise, the article will examine the Hewlett Packard Case Study and contrast it with the hypothesis of utilitarianism in a moral measurement. In CSR, organizations need to adjust their destinations to the cultural necessities. For instance, organizations can take part in moral practices through taking an interest in natural insurance in the network, which they work. Organizations consistently participate in CSR as a moral practice and not a legitimate prerequisite (Supporting Corporate Social Responsibility 2012). Then again, associations can choose not to participate in CSR, yet doesn't suggest that they have conflicted with a lawful necessity. In the excursion of learning this course, I have discovered that not every moral practice are legitimate. Generally, standards of dependable trade include participating in moral exercises that may influence the stakeholders.Adve rtising Looking for paper on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another model includes a circumstance where a driver may see a mishap while pushing and chooses to drive away from the scene. Morally, he ought to have halted and offered assistance to the people in question; in any case, his/her activity has not abused the law. Once more, if a business chooses to deal with the poor in the network by offering instructive grant programs, it turns into a moral practice. Then again, a business that has the capacity of supporting a nearby network, yet chooses not to do so has not abused the law, however its carelessness results to an untrustworthy practice. It gets dishonest since it can possibly do as such however selects to maintain a strategic distance from it. A moral practice includes what is correct or wrong while law manages what is unlawful or legal (Njoka 2012). The two terms don't have direct ramific ations on one another. In business points of view, organizations layout their satisfactory behaviors that they think about fit to control their tasks. Mindful organizations consider the necessities of all members thus they establish their framework on trust and certainty that shapes the center of moral practices (Njoka 2012). Social ventures are the fundamental experts of these standards as their objectives and destinations gear towards social duty. Notwithstanding, business endeavors that are benefit making in nature should comprehend that their moral practices straightforwardly influence human needs. For example, if there are slips by in uprightness on the business or representatives side, the purchasers are the last gathering that bear the outcomes. As indicated by Njoka 2012, such rates of honesty slips lower consumers’ trust and trust in the business. Organizations ought to understand that the shoppers that they feel should buy their items so as to amplify benefit requir e due consideration, which just originate from moral engagements.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Principles of Responsible Commerce explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More If organizations disregard the premiums and necessities of their clients, the market can become impractical subsequently prompting business disappointment. Observably, associations that craving to get by in this worldwide and serious market ought to ingrain moral authority in their administration frameworks so as to draw in and keep up their clients (Njoka 2012). Subsequently, it is the job of the Human Resource Management (HRM) to guarantee that the workers cling to the set out moral methods. Additionally, business endurance in the serious market requires an elevated level of ethical quality and duty. This angle addresses offering back to the network so as to improve their expectations for everyday comforts. A portion of the exercises that help moral practices incorporate contr ibution sponsorship programs for destitute and splendid understudies, preparing the nearby network how to participate in agrarian practices and in any event, financing the expense of cultivating. Organizations that take an interest in these exercises get high cultural endorsement for their administrations (Corrales 2011). Despite the fact that different organizations may see CSR as an extra cost, the advantages that emerge after the procedure are various; they incorporate expanded benefit thus affirmation on progression and the practical monetary development.Advertising Searching for paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More For instance, exercises like ecological preservation programs help organizations to limit their expenses of creation since they can relieve the impacts of environmental change. An impact of environmental change like dry spell directly affects the expenses of creation for associations that depend on farming items. Moreover, the customers will encounter a low expectation for everyday life, which results to low acquisition of products and enterprises that organizations offer. Also, ecological protection will give the organizations chances to misuse their possibilities in the present and even guarantee them of the equivalent in future. Practical financial advancement offers organizations possibilities both at present and later on; along these lines, it guarantees that organizations make due into the future (Corrales 2011). Prominently, organizations are possibly guaranteed of maintainable monetary turn of events on the off chance that they teach moral practices in their tasks. Unmistakab ly, a dependable business ought to take part in CSR since the significant recipient is the business and not the encompassing network. The utilitarianism hypothesis imagines that a demonstration is good if the outcomes make a positive effect on a few people (Moreland 2009). It accepts that no ethical demonstration or guideline is correct or wrong; one can just decide their rightness or misleading quality of a demonstration by contemplating the outcomes. This hypothesis manages the way of thinking of the end legitimize the methods. This hypothesis investigates all the game-plans that are accessible and the potential impacts that can happen attributable to the activity before settling on a course that is ethically right and the circumstance that one may get himself. The potential impacts incorporate the advantages and damages that may result from such an activity. In the last section, a strategy that presents most noteworthy advantages is picked in the wake of thinking about the expens es (Andre Velasquez 2010). It doesn't make a difference whether the implies that one uses is correct or wrong gave the outcomes are advantageous to numerous individuals. For instance, an individual can break into a scientist and take a medication that can help a patient to recoup on the off chance that they can't bear to buy the medication. As indicated by the utilitarianism hypothesis, the entire procedure is moral since the medication helped in sparing life. Plainly, the hypothesis manages the exploitative conduct of taking. In this perspective, the hypothesis may support a few demonstrations, which are untrustworthy in the business condition since they may result to positive criticisms. Therefore, the hypothesis breaks down the profound quality of any impact. In the event that the impact is acceptable, the procedure is adequate. From the above situation, taking created a decent and not an underhanded impact saving life. The hypothesis bolsters a few demonstrations that the cultur al standards consider as unscrupulous practices. In any case, the hypothesis doesn't consider whether the specialist has gotten equity for the demonstration that caused him to lose his medication and experience devastation of property or not. In the business perspective, the advantages that the utilitarianism hypothesis characterizes are the fulfillment levels and the quantity of partners that will get the advantages. The hypothesis anticipates that directors should settle on choices that have most noteworthy advantages to most of the partners so as to guarantee their fulfillment. Human Resource Managers should regard purchasers as closures not as means; they ought not include customers in the entire procedure of the executives, however should guarantee that the consequences of the administration procedure advantage a larger part of them (Andre Velasquez 2010). From the above case of safeguarding life, capable organizations ought to consider the life of an individual as the most sig nificant boundary. For example, if a business understands that it will spend vigorously so as to deliver solid items, it ought to do as such since undesirable items will adversely influence the lives of customers. Regardless of whether the activity of delivering sound items will result into misfortunes, human respect despite everything abrogates it. It is the duty of a business to give excellent items to its clients and not for reasons for making benefit. A mindful business will see adept employees’ compensation as its duty and not a methods for pulling in skilful representatives (Moreland 2009). The Hewlett Packard Case included pretexting where an individual claimed to be the proprietor of some data. This activity made the private examiner get to telephone records of various people inside the organization. The demonstration revea

Why a current television show or movie is so popular Essay

Why a present network show or film is so mainstream - Essay Example has developed to be not only one of the most mainstream (it is positioned inside the best ten greatest grosser ever) yet one ancient rarity that have sneaked in our cognizance and installed itself as a waiting symbol of present day culture. In an investigation of the film, a few clear components can be seen why the majority grasped Star Wars in a nearly faction like way. The film claimed both to kids and grown-ups the same as a result of the blend of the hero story and sci-fi. For youngsters, there is the anecdote about a kid who turned into a legend by battling his own shadow. The account is suggestive of the plotlines that have caused legends and fantasies to suffer for a long time, for example, the Greek Odyssey. There are a few components, including those that are representative, that are available to speak to the youthful personalities †the robots, Princess Leia, steadfast companions, the magical Jedi knights, stunning areas and contraptions, epical experiences, and so forth. For grown-ups, the fiction portraying the battle among great and malice and its sci-fi classification demonstrated tempting. At that point, there were the full grown topics of governmental issues and religion, which investigated worth and significance throughout everyday life. The dynamite designs and epic narrating imparted to grown-up inclination too. This intrigue is essential to the accomplishment of the film. As the film joined all the mash fiction types and ventured into the legendary account customs, individuals rushed to the theaters. Star Wars had the option to present a â€Å"family movie† wherein guardians and youngsters go, watch and partake in the film together. Family excursions would have been unfathomable during the brilliant period of Hollywood. Star Wars is an encapsulation of the ascent of mainstream society in the advanced world. Today’s age look to the media †TV, films and electronic games †for diversion as well as comfort in the midst of a universe of occupied individuals, pushed and working guardians. Likewise with different antiquities of the mainstream society, the substance of Star Wars became for the youthful age

Daley, Richard Joseph

Daley, Richard Joseph Daley, Richard Joseph, 1902â€"76, U.S. political leader, b. Chicago. Admitted to the bar in 1933, he entered politics and served as a Democrat in the state assembly (1936â€"38) and the state senate (1939â€"46) and as director of revenues for Illinois (1949â€"50) before being elected (1955) mayor of Chicago. His long tenure both as mayor and as chairman (from 1953) of the Cook County Democratic party enabled him to build an extremely powerful political machine. Although often accused of unscrupulous political practices, Daley proved to be an efficient administrator. He achieved national notoriety in 1968 when Chicago police used brutal tactics to subdue demonstrators during the Democratic National Convention. See M. Royko, Boss (1971); E. Kennedy, Himself (1978); F. Sullivan, Legend (1989); A. Cohen and E. Taylor, American Pharoah (2000). His son Richard Michael Daley, 1942â€", b. Chicago, followed in his father's footsteps as an Illinois politician. After serving as s tate's attorney for Cook County, he became mayor of Chicago in 1989. Chicago's longest serving mayor, he was reelected in 1991, 1995, 1999, 2003, and 2007 before he retired in 2011. See biography by K. Koeneman (2013). His younger son, William Michael Daley, 1948â€", b. Chicago, is a lawyer who served as special counsel to President Bill Clinton on the North American Free Trade Agreement (1993) and as secretary of commerce (1997â€"2000). He was chairman of Vice President Al Gore 's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2000 and later was president (2001â€"4) of SBC Communications before becoming a member of the executive committee at J. P. Morgan Chase Co. He also served (2011â€"12) as White House chief of staff under President Obama . In 2013 he became a candidate for Illinois governor but soon withdrew from the race. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U .S. History: Biographies

Sex Abuse And Substance Abuse - 917 Words

1.0 Background World Prison Population List published that about 11 million people were held as detention, remand and sentenced prisoner in 2011; United States had the highest prisoner population rate worldwide with 743 per 100,000 of the national population (Walmsley, 2011). Majority of prisoners from poor minority communities are experienced chronic diseases, drug abuse and mental illness. In U.S., 65% prisoners achieved the medical criteria for substance abuse and addiction (Columbia Univ., New York, NY. Centre on Addiction and Substance Abuse, 2010); in Australia, 54% prisoners reported drinking alcohol at unsafe level before imprisonment, and more than 60% of prisoners used illicit drugs during the previous 12 months (Victorian Auditor-General’s Office [VAGO], 2013). In terms of the data above, more than half the prisoners have drug use and dependence behaviour. Due to the illegality of drug market and high expense, substance use suffering inmates are four times more likely to involve i n illegal activities to gain more money (Columbia Univ., New York, NY. Centre on Addiction and Substance Abuse, 2010), which contribute the incredible number of substance abuse prisoners. Additionally, in terms of Victorian Auditor-General’s Report in 2013, 44% of prisoners have injected drugs; therefore, the blood-borne diseases are considerable among these population, such as HIV and hepatitis B and C. Furthermore, due to the unsafe engagement of needles and syringes they are moreShow MoreRelatedEducational, Vocational, Substance Abuse and Sex Offender Programs2057 Words   |  9 Pages As a group, we chose Education, Vocational, Substance Abuse, and Sex Offender Programs for our programs of discussion. Education Vocational Programs: Educational Programs in many systems inmates who have not completed eighth grade, one in seven prisoners are put into a full time prison school. Prisons offer academic courses to those who haven’t graduated high school, so they can earn their GED. There is a waiting list for inmates who want to take classes. Some prisons offer; basic readingRead MoreBehavioral Addictions And Substance Abuse Addictions994 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2013, the release of the updated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) added gambling disorder to the category titled Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders. (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2013) In the previous edition of the DSM, gambling, along with other behavioral addictions were in the Impulse Control Disorders category of the DSM-III and DSM-IV (Clark, 2014). Behavioral Addictions are said to be around for hundreds ofRead MoreWriting Project II : In Modern Society1269 Words   |  6 PagesWriting Project II: Transgenders in Modern Society What is a sex? What is gender? According to Merriam-Webster the word sex means, â€Å"either of the two major forms of individuals that occur in many species and that are distinguished respectively as female or male especially on the basis of their reproductive organs and structures† and gender means, â€Å"an inflection form showing membership in such a subclass†. Basically, an individual’s sex is determined at birth, but is interchangeable depending on theRead MorePsychological Impact On Substance Abuse Prevention1164 Words   |  5 PagesPsychological Impact According to Federal Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, women are the fastest-growing segment for substance abuse in the United States. About 2.7 million women in the United States abuse drugs or alcohol. Women typically enter rehab sooner than men, but they have more psychological distress, and are more likely to suffer from a mood or anxiety disorder (Liff, 2012). Most research on gender-based differences in addiction treatment has focused on organizational issues (suchRead MoreThe Different Affects of Drug Abuse Among Genders783 Words   |  3 Pagesdrug abuse affects women and men differently. Mary Tyrone seems to be affected mentally by her morphine addiction, whereas the men, Tyrone, Jamie, Edmund, in the household appear to be affected physically by their alcohol addiction. Cynthia Robbins’s â€Å"Sex Differences in Psychosocial Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse† supports the different effects of drug abuse among men and women. She examines three diffe rent hypotheses concerning gender differences in the impact of alcohol and drug abuse. SheRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Teenage Dating1512 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationship over a period of time. Therefore, frequent break ups and arguments lead to attempts of suicide, teenage pregnancy, STD’s, teen violence, and substance abuse. This happens due to lack of experience and a broader understanding of what relationships are (Dasgupta, 2011). The problems of teen dating involving violence, sex, drug and alcohol abuse, and suicide are primarily caused by stressful life events, peer influence, and failure of parents to take their children away from harmful activitiesRead MoreAdolescent Behavior And Its Effects On Human Behavior1056 Words   |  5 Pageslearning and practicing behavior to stay away from contracting the infection. Modifying behavior seems to play the most important role in preventing acquiring those kind of infectious disease. Many people are aware of the potential risk of unsafety sex attitude; some don’t, especially young people. It is trendy now that more young males are likely to risk their life by getting involved in unsafety sexual behavior. The risk even more increases when they combine drugs with sexual encounters on purposeRead MoreForensic Psychology And Crime And Substance Abuse847 Words   |  4 PagesForensic Psychology Forensic psychology is a solid reference to crime and substance abuse. Criminal behavior is an evil thought however substance abuse is a disease. One will certainly need a better understanding to an individual’s crime that would cause one to commit them. Did the drugs make him/her do it? Psychology, biology, and criminology fall within the evolution in forensic psychology. Race, sex, and poverty plays a pivotal role when a crime is committed within a specific group suchRead MoreCauses Of Teen Pregnancy1232 Words   |  5 PagesThey are number one for many issues. Among these is the U.S. has the highest teen pregnancy rates. The causes of teen pregnancy in the United States today include substance abuse; broken homes; changes in society; and poor sexual education. For the most part, substance abuse is a leading cause of teen pregnancy. Those who abuse substances like drugs and alcohol do not have the sharpest minds. Their judgement is clouded which prevents them from making the best decisions. They also usually do not thinkRead MoreDepression Is Predictive Of Substance Abuse Outcomes788 Words   |  4 PagesRecent research further suggests that depression is predictive of substance abuse outcomes. In a study done by Sihlova (2008), suggested early onset of depressive disorders predicted multiple substance use outcomes, including frequent alcohol use, and frequent daily smoking from a sample of 1545 adolescent twins assessed at baseline age 14, and then again at age 17.5. Moreover, depression was found to be a risk factor for smoking in females but not males. Fleming et al. 2008 also suggested that depressive

My Dad - Original Writing - 746 Words

I heard the footsteps of my dad upstairs and the leaves in the trees rustling in the wind. I listened closely for the lighter footsteps of my brother. The one that should be getting ready to help my dad with the boat. When I heard nothing I felt my heart start to ache with frustration. I immediately felt dizzy as I stumbled out of bed too quickly, and tried to climb the stairs. The kitchen smelled fresh compared to the musty smell of my room and the early morning news played quietly from the television. â€Å"Where’s Roman? Is he not helping you with the boat?† I asked my dad with a quiet, hoarse voice. â€Å"I tried waking him up, he said that he didn’t feel like coming.† Said my dad with a hint of disappointment as he closed the refrigerator.†¦show more content†¦The light wind licked my hair and the dirt crunched under my shoes as I walked down the steep hill. I climbed across the damp rocks that made up this small beach and searched for the ro pes that would pull in our dingy. My dad came down after and set our life jackets and other gear carefully down on the rocks and smiled. â€Å"Here, let me show you how to bring the dinghy in.† He showed me the proper knots to tie and how important it was to make sure there was no seaweed on the rope. We threw on our lifejackets and grabbed the few things we needed for this short trip. My dad paddled swiftly against the little current and soon enough we were against our beautiful, nameless, boat. I was happy to help get the and my dad was grateful for that. When we were no longer anchored to the shore, free to go wherever, the boat started with a soft roar, like an angry dog. â€Å"Great morning for boating.† He said casually. I nodded and yawned. â€Å"I know that you re tired so thank you for coming with me. I really appreciate having someone to help me and keep me company.† I hadn’t really thought about it. When I said I would come it hadn’t fe lt like a big deal. â€Å"No problem, I like coming.† I said nonchalantly. I stared out over the water as I curled my legs up to my chest to stay warm. The water was glass. It reflected the soft morning colors of the sky and our boat sliced through it like a knife. I watched a cormorant fly alongside of us, skimming the water. It smelled

Noting Social Networking Trends Free Essays

The research question that was partially answered by my mini-research is two-fold. I concerned myself by asking first, what social networking sites (if any) were used by family members and peers. Secondly, if usage of these sites was confirmed, I asked the purpose for the use of these various social tools. We will write a custom essay sample on Noting Social Networking Trends or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since, these sites are so popular, I wanted to know if there was a difference in age, gender, or any other demographic information that would make usage vary in the sample population. I interviewed 22 people and out of those 22, 18 of them reported using some type of social networking sites. The four that did not use them claimed that they very rarely, if ever used the internet or that they had no need for these tools. Two of these respondents were over 50, but two were relatively young, white, blue-collar types. Of the 18 that did report using social networking sites, 5 of them admitted to having an account, but infrequently or never visiting the sites or utilizing them in any way. There was no common demographic in these five, the only commonality was a response of â€Å"being too busy† or staying connected with others through other means, such as texting or â€Å"hanging out†. This leaves 13 respondents that admitted to regular using and utilizing social networking sites. Out of these 13, the ages of users ranged from 14 to 47. Both males and females were represented almost equally. Ethnically speaking, more whites than blacks were left at this stage in the sample, making whites seem slightly over represented. Many sites were reported as being used and many reasons were given for using them. Of both younger men and women (aged 14-26 and 9 members in this subgroup) â€Å"MySpace† was cited as being the most used site with most of the respondents reporting that they used this site everyday â€Å"to stay in contact with friends†. Of this same age group, more men than women, also, reported using both â€Å"Imeem† and â€Å"Buzznet† to listen to music and/or to find new artists with â€Å"Imeem† being more popular than â€Å"Buzznet† (with only 2 of 6 using â€Å"Buzznet†). The remaining 4 respondents were all Caucasian women from the ages of 33-47. â€Å"Facebook† was popular with all 4 for â€Å"staying connected with old friends and/or networking†. â€Å"Myspace† was unpopular with all and cited by one respondent as being â€Å"made for teens†. â€Å"Going† and â€Å"LinkedIn† were also popular with â€Å"LinkedIn† being popular with 3 and â€Å"Going† with 2. â€Å"LinkedIn† was said to be popular for business purposes and â€Å"Going† was considered a popular way to find events and parties in the surrounding areas. This research begins to answer the two-part question, but further research and a larger group to sample may answer the question fully. These demographics were pretty universal in the popularity and reasoning for using the sites and further study could help advertisers learn how to more specifically target the demographics in and outside these sites. Also, social scientists could look at this research more broadly to gauge trends in social behavior and communication that could effect the way groups of people in different demographic categories deal with one another in jobs or in other arenas of public life. .mce-content-body .mce-resizehandle.wildfire-hover { background: rgb(0, 0, 0); }; .mce-content-body [contenteditable="false"] [contenteditable="true"].wildfire-hover { outline: rgb(122, 202, 255) solid 2px; }; .mce-content-body img.wp-media.wildfire-hover { background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237); border-color: rgb(114, 119, 124); };a[data-wplink-url-error], a[data-wplink-url-error].wildfire-hover, a[data-wplink-url-error]:focus { outline: rgb(220, 50, 50) dotted 2px; position: relative; }; How to cite Noting Social Networking Trends, Papers

Forefront In Implementing Clinical Setting â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Forefront In Implementing Clinical Setting? Answer: Introduction EBP is currently a predominant care model which has gained global recognition in the facilitation of transferring research evidence into the best clinical practice. The uses of EBP involve the integration of best available information, clinical expertise and the values of a patient in order for them to attain optimal health outcomes (Brown, 2010).Therefore it is an important approach in strengthening the nursing practice. The Australian government has in this regard developed nursing standards which focus on nursing that nurses embrace EBP in their practice. This discussion presents the reasons why nurses should be at the forefront in implementing EBP, including a review on the importance of EBP to the improvement of patient outcomes. It also highlights the steps of EBP in a clinical setting and the reasons as to why there is need for support and training to enable nurses take the lead role in providing EBP How Evidence Based Practice Improves Patient Health Outcomes There are different benefits that EBP application in the clinical setting brings in regard to improving a patients health outcomes. First EBP enables the provision of a higher quality care for patients in the clinical setting (Cashin Cook, 2011).This is because nurses in collaboration with other interdisciplinary team members incorporate the latest researched evidence which they use in provision of patient care. Secondly, evidence based practice platforms where health professionals interact through online networks enable nurses to as for latest recommendations on patient care. The nurses thus are able to find recommendations in regard to their questions so that they provide the patient with the best clinical care. EBP also enables the patient to receive care timely and efficiently within the best clinical environment. This is based on the understanding that EBP enhances a nurse confidence, their adaptability to patient situations, improves their nursing skills, their critical thinki ng and also informs their decision making processing (Cashin Cook, 2011). This is because they will constantly be evaluating different materials to support their individual practice. It is also important to indicate that EBP practice improves the patient outcomes by enhancing cohesion within the clinical interdisciplinary teams as it helps in defining each others role in provision of quality care based on the latest evidence available(Brown, 2010). Also EBP is associated with lower costs and safer healthcare for patients as it emphasizes on the efficiency and effectiveness of the available limited resources as compared to traditional nursing care. Further, EBP reduces the length of hospital stay for patients who have been admitted. This is because care provision is instant and in line with the patients needs for quick recovery. How EBP Is Applied Theoretically and Clinically Theoretical and clinical application of EBP is done systematically. It involves the use of latest theories in research which have however been proven to inform the provision of the best patient care in the clinical setting (Cashin Cook, 2011).The nurses and health care professionals study relevant research, various expert opinions and end up identifying the best approaches to provide patients with optimal healthcare. Theoretical and clinical application of EBP follows the process of; asking related question; searching any latest research; incorporating ones clinical experience; accommodating the preferences of the patient and; applying the results of the research. This should be followed by an evaluation of the theoretical and clinical application and its effect on patient outcomes (Rebar Gersch, 2015). In regard to raising the question, a nurse should use the format which captures the main aspects of the issue. The search for latest research involves the assembly of the evidence t hat is most appropriate in addressing the identified issue. The evidence needs critical evaluation in order to determine whether it is valid (Levin Feldman, 2013). Relevant, applicable or not in the clinical setting. While some of the evidence might be theoretically applicable, a particular clinical setting may not allow its full implementation. It is thus up to the nurse to determine evidence applicability. Assimilation of the appropriate theory into clinical practice can then be done followed by continuous monitoring and evaluation for effectiveness. Reasons as to why Nurses Should Be At the Fore-Front in Implementing EBP in the Clinical Setting The first reason as to why an RN needs to be at the forefront in the implementation of EBP in clinical setting is because they are required as standard of practice to think critically and analyze nursing practice. This is in line with Standard 1 of the NMBA (2016). In this regard the nurse should be able to employ different possible strategies including the best evidence available to inform their decisions on the provision of nursing care that is safe and of high quality. The registered nurse needs to be able to asses, analyze this particular evidence and incorporate it in the provision of care. (Standard 1 sub section 1.1 accesses, analyses, and uses the best available evidence, that includes research findings, for safe, quality practice). From the evaluation of successful evidence based decision, the nurse should reflect on their experiences to strengthen their professional expertise according to the nursing standards (Rebar Gersch, 2015). Further, it is also a standard of practic e aspect that Registered nurses in taking the lead role to implement EBP in the clinical setting; they also contribute to the improvement of quality of healthcare and on any further research( Standard 1 subsection 1.7 contributes to quality improvement and relevant research). Therefore since critical thinking and analysis is part of their standard of practice; nurses must lead in regard to the implementation of EBP. Secondly, RNs have the responsibility to maintain their practice capability according to standard 3 of the NSRN of 2016. In this regard, it is up to the nurses to ensure that they are capable of fully practicing in the clinical setting. It is clear that they are responsible for their own individual professional development. They are in fact responsible in contributing to the professional development of themselves and fellow nurses within the clinical setting (Standard 3 Subsection 3.3 uses a lifelong learning approach for continuing professional development of self and others). More specifically, the standards of practices indicate that a RN should be at the forefront in seeking and responding to nursing practice reviews and feedback. This is the approach used in evidence practice where review and feedback are paramount in forming future practice on a similar clinical case (Standard 3 Subsection 3.5 seeks and responds to practice review and feedback). Standard 3 of the NMBA (2016) al so emphasizes on the need for Registered Nurses to be actively engaging in their profession, identifying and promoting their nursing roles in influencing better health outcomes for their patients. Evidence based practice implementation requires that nurses participate actively in engaging fellow professionals to ensure that the information they have is at per with the latest requirement of clinical practice(Rebar Gersch, 2015). These conditions are only possible and can be met when Registered Nurses take the front role of appreciating and engaging actively in evidence based practice. Further, nurses must be at the forefront in the implementation of EBP as it helps them in the development of nursing plans for their patients in the clinical setting (Levin Feldman, 2013). Evidence based practice emphasizes on the need for nurses to rely on the latest research in developing nursing plans for patients with specific health needs that are exactly similar to those of patients who have already been managed before(Hedges Williams, 2015). It also include the need to seek for expert advice in coming up with the nursing plan. In line with Standard 5 of the NMBA (2016), Registered Nurses have the responsibility to plan and communicate nursing practice plans to their patients, family and the interdisciplinary teams in the clinical setting. The standard calls for need for partnership in structuring of nursing plans and this means; there is need for consultation including experts as advised in EBP. It is also indicated that the plan must be in line with the Nurses appraisal of any available evidence that is relevant and comprehensive. There is need to assess the most appropriate available data and/or evidence to construct nursing plans that are effective (Standard 5.1 uses assessment data and best available evidence to develop a plan). These include those that have contingencies, preferences, goals, and timeframes of specific interventions and actions that are evidence-based. The nurse should also be able to indicate the monitoring and evaluation process of the nursing plan and how they will be carried out (Standard 5.4 plans and negotiates how practice will be evaluated and the time frame of engagement). This is in line with the last step of EBP process which emphasizes on the need for monitoring, evaluation and appraisal of evidence based practice clinical application (Cashin Cook, 2011). It is thus imperative that nurses be ahead in the implementation of EBP. While it is a requirement for Registered Nurses to be front-runners in implementing EBP in the clinical setting, it is not feasible for them to do so without special training and support in EBP. The first importance of training and support in this particular filed is that it helps the nurse to have increased knowledge in the implementation of both evidence based practice and evidence based learning (Cashin Cook, 2011).Knowledge in this particular field makes it easier for the nurse to raise questions, seek expert advice and incorporate it in nursing plans. Secondly, training and support on how to search for information from various clinical databases and on critical evaluation of obtained information is important (Rebar Gersch, 2015). Registered Nurses are able to be precise in seeking for information which reduces the time spent as compared to a case when they are not trained. It is clear that EBP systems are dynamic and the technical knowhow needed around working with them call f or updated information through training (Hedges Williams, 2015). Further training and support from health facility management and ministry can increase the knowledge of nurses in the development and implementation of EBP and procedure that are effective and properly integrated within their clinical setting. Training and support are thus crucial requirements in enhancing the nurse role in EBP. Registered Nurse practice in Australia is governed by the NMBA (2016). It is therefore the duty of nurses to take the forefront in implementing EBP within the clinical setting. Standard 1, 3 and 5 as discussed weigh in on the need for nurses to be actively involved in taking part in EBP. Even so, health institutions in the spirit of enabling a conducive environment should avail necessary training and support to RNs to improve the quality of care. Conclusion In conclusion therefore, nurses need to be at the forefront in implementing EBP in the clinical setting. This discussion presents the reasons for this as required by the NMBA (2016), including a review on the importance of EBP to the improvement of patient outcomes. It also highlights the steps of EBP in a clinical setting and the reasons as to why there is need for support and training to enable nurses take the lead role in providing EBP. References Brown, P. (2010).Health care of the older adult: an Australian and New Zealand nursing perspective. Warriewood, N.S.W.: Woodslane Press. Cashin, A., Cook, R. (2011).Evidence-based practice in nursing informatics: concepts and applications. Economics, PA: Medical Information Science Reference. Hedges, C. and Williams, B. (2015). Anatomy of Research for Nurses. Indianapolis: Sigma Theta Tau International. Levin, R. and Feldman, H. (2013). Teaching evidence-based practice in nursing. New York: Springer Pub. McDaniel, J. (2009). Advances in information technology and communication in health. Amsterdam [etc.]: IOS Press. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (2016). Registered nurse standards for practice. Retrieved 19/9/201 at www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au Nursing professional development. (2010). Silver Spring, MD: Nursesbooks.operations. Rebar, C. and Gersch, C. (2015). Understanding Research for Evidence-based Practice. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.

Battle of Brandy Station in the Civil War

Battle of Brandy Station in the Civil War Battle of Brandy Station - Conflict Date: The Battle of Brandy Station was fought June 9, 1863, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders Union Major General Alfred Pleasonton11,000 men Confederate Major General J.E.B. Stuart9,500 men Battle of Brandy Station - Background: In the wake of his stunning victory at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Confederate General Robert E. Lee began making preparations to invade the North. Prior to embarking on this operation, he moved to consolidate his army near Culpeper, VA. Early June 1863, the corps of Lieutenant General James Longstreet and Richard Ewell had arrived while the Confederate cavalry, led by Major General J.E.B. Stuart screened to the east. Moving his five brigades into camp around Brandy Station, the dashing Stuart requested a full field review of his troops by Lee. Scheduled for June 5, this saw Stuarts men move through a simulated battle near Inlet Station. As Lee proved unable to attend on June 5, this review was re-staged in his presence three days later, though without the mock battle. While impressive to behold, many criticized Stuart for needlessly tiring his men and horses. With the conclusion of these activities, Lee issued orders for Stuart to cross the Rappahannock River the next day and raid advanced Union positions. Understanding that Lee intended to begin his offensive shortly, Stuart moved his men back into camp to prepare for the next day. Battle of Brandy Station - Pleasontons Plan: Across the Rappahannock, the commander of the Army of the Potomac, Major General Joseph Hooker, sought to ascertain Lees intentions. Believing that the Confederate concentration at Culpeper signaled a threat to his supply lines, he summoned his cavalry chief, Major General Alfred Pleasonton, and ordered him to conduct a spoiling attack to disperse the Confederates at Brandy Station. To assist with the operation, Pleasonton was given two select brigades of infantry led by Brigadier Generals Adelbert Ames and David A. Russell. Though the Union cavalry had performed poorly to date, Pleasonton devised a daring plan which called for dividing his command into two wings. The Right Wing, consisting of Brigadier General John Bufords 1st Cavalry Division, a Reserve Brigade led by Major Charles J. Whiting, and Ames men, was to cross the Rappahannock at Beverlys Ford and advance south toward Brandy Station. The Left Wing, led by Brigadier General David McM. Gregg, was to cross to the east at Kellys Ford and attack from the east and south to catch the Confederates in a double envelopment. Battle of Brandy Station - Stuart Surprised: Around 4:30 AM on June 9, Bufords men, accompanied by Pleasonton, began crossing the river in a thick fog. Quickly overwhelming the Confederate pickets at Beverlys Ford, the pushed south. Alerted to the threat by this engagement, the stunned men of Brigadier General William E. Grumble Jones brigade rushed to the scene. Barely prepared for battle, they succeeded in briefly holding up Bufords advance. This allowed Stuarts Horse Artillery, which had nearly been taken unawares, to escape south and establish a position on two knolls flanking the Beverlys Ford Road (Map). While Jones men fell back to a position on the right of the road, Brigadier General Wade Hamptons brigade formed on the left. As the fighting escalated, the 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry unsuccessfully charged forward in an attempt to take the Confederate guns near St. James Church. As his men fought around the church, Buford began probing for a way around the Confederate left. These endeavors led him to encounter Brigadier General W.H.F. Rooney Lees brigade which had assumed a position behind a stone wall in front of Yew Ridge. In heavy fighting, Bufords men succeeded in driving Lee back and taking the position. Battle of Brandy Station - A Second Surprise: As Buford advanced against Lee, Union troopers engaging the St. James Church line were stunned to see Jones and Hamptons men retreating. This movement was in reaction to the arrival of Greggs column from Kellys Ford. Having crossed early that morning with his 3rd Cavalry Division, Colonel Alfred Duffià ©s small 2nd Cavalry Division, and Russells brigade, Gregg had been blocked from advancing directly on Brandy Station by Brigadier General Beverly H. Robertsons brigade which had taken a position on the Kellys Ford Road. Shifting south, he succeeded in finding an unguarded road which led into Stuarts rear. Advancing, Colonel Percy Wyndhams brigade led Greggs force into Brandy Station around 11:00 AM. Gregg was separated from Bufords fight by a large rise to the north known as Fleetwood Hill. The site of Stuarts headquarters before the battle, the hill was largely unoccupied except for a lone Confederate howitzer. Opening fire, it caused the Union troops to pause briefly. This permitted a messenger to reach Stuart and inform him of the new threat. As Wyndhams men began their attack up the hill, they were met by Jones troops riding in from St. James. Church (Map). Moving to join the battle, the Colonel Judson Kilpatricks brigade moved east and assaulted the south slope of Fleetwood. This attack was met by Hamptons arriving men. The battle soon deteriorated into a series of bloody charges and countercharges as both sides sought control of Fleetwood Hill. The fighting ended with Stuarts men in possession. Having been engaged by Confederate troops near Stevensburg, Duffià ©s men arrived too late to alter the outcome on the hill. To the north, Buford maintained pressure on Lee, forcing him to retreat to the hills northern slopes. Reinforced late in the day, Lee counterattacked Buford but found that the Union troops were already departing as Pleasonton had ordered a general withdrawal near sunset. Battle of Brandy Station - Aftermath: Union casualties in the fighting numbered 907 while the Confederates sustained 523. Among the wounded was Rooney Lee who was later captured on June 26. Though the fighting was largely inconclusive, it marked a turning point for the much-maligned Union cavalry. For the first time during the war, they matched their Confederate counterparts skill on the battlefield. In the wake of the battle, Pleasonton was criticized by some for not pressing home his attacks to destroy Stuarts command. He defended himself by stating that his orders had been for a reconnaissance in force toward Culpeper. Following the battle, an embarrassed Stuart attempted to claim victory on the grounds that the enemy had departed the field. This did little to hide the fact that he had been badly surprised and caught unawares by the Union attack. Chastised in the Southern press, his performance continued to suffer as he made key mistakes during the upcoming Gettysburg Campaign. The Battle of Brandy Station was the largest predominantly cavalry engagement of the war as well as the largest fought on American soil. Selected Sources National Park Service: Battle of Brandy Station CWPT: Battle of Brandy Station

Best Writing Apps and Tools of 2018 - Freewrite Store

Best Writing Apps and Tools of 2018 - Freewrite Store Writing Software that Will Blow Your Mind Today’s guest post is by  Matt Grant.  Matt is a Brooklyn-based writer and editor.  His  work has appeared in  Literary Hub,  Book Riot,  HuffPost, and  BookBrowse.  Find Matt  online, or follow him on  Twitter  and  Facebook. Writing Software that Will Blow Your Mind As writers, we know that our craft takes time and energy. The last thing we need is to get bogged down in the process itself. Beyond the basic story, we’re often also struggling to keep track of character details, side plots, and random flashes of inspiration for parts of the story we’re not even working on yet. We need a solid place to keep all of this information in one, easily accessible place. Thankfully, gone are the days where you sat down at a typewriter and wrote everything in one long document. Yet one of the most frustrating things in our technological age is to be plugging away on a work in progress, only to get sidelined by bad or sluggish software. Below is a list of some of the best planning, writing and editing software available today with amazing features you didn’t know you needed. And the best part is, many of them are free. Planning: Scapple Scapple, by the folks at Literature and Latte, is a basic mind-mapping tool. It’s super simple and easy to use. All you do is make notes and connect them to one another by dragging and dropping them onto one another. Notes can be customized by color and size, although these options are limited. This can actually be a good thing, though, since you can’t waste too much time worrying about making your map look pretty. Scapple makes brainstorming not only easy, but fun. It’s like having an endless amount of paper at your disposal. Running out of room? No problem, you can easily zoom out of your working area and start a new map or connection in another area. yWriter – FREE! (Windows Only) yWriter is a free word processor for Windows PCs. Built by a writer for writers, the program breaks up your novel into scenes or chapters, making it easier for you to keep track of what goes where. You can create character cards and tags, and add a lot of helpful customizable notes to your scenes, such as the time of day it takes place and how long the scene is supposed to last. Due to its simplicity, I wouldn’t recommend yWriter for writing a full novel, although it has been done. There are much more advanced programs for that. yWriter is better for planning out your story scene by scene. But if you’re on a budget, yWriter will get the job done! Writing: Scrivener I’ve been using Scrivener for several years now, and it’s hands-down the best thing that could have happened to my writing. Scrivener is one of most popular writing tools available today. It’s so much more than just a word processor – it’s a novel-generating machine. Similar to yWriter, Scrivener allows you to break up your project into different parts, but it’s not just confined to chapters or scenes. You can have a flashback, a brief exchange between characters, or an entire short story in one document. These can be edited separately, allowing you to focus on just one small part of your work, or in â€Å"Scrivenings Mode,† which links together a series of scenes, like a whole first act. There are tons of easy-to-use, customizable features like split-screen, a digital note card outliner, a binder, and my personal favorite, compose mode.    If it all seems overwhelming, you don’t have to use all of the features. With Scrivener, you can find what works for you. It’s also cheap – at less than $50, Scrivener is an absolute steal. Sprinter – FREE! If you like â€Å"word sprints† – quick, 15-minute bursts of writing – consider giving Sprinter a try. Sprinter is an uncomplicated, distraction-free web-based writing program with a timer. You simply start writing, and the timer on the right side of the page begins its countdown. Need more than 15 minutes? No problem, set the timer for as long as you wish. You can also make a word count goal. Sprinter is great for brainstorming, flash fiction, writing prompts, and more. If you need to save your work for later, create a Postbox account and sync to Dropbox, Google Drive, and Evernote. Ulysses (Mac only) Similar to Scrivener, Ulysses is a customizable writing tool with lots of great features. You can organize your writing by project or subject, attach files, set writing goals, and add links and images to your text with ease. Ulysses utilizes a clear, clean, and beautiful interface. The editor allows you to choose your own colors, outlines, and more.  Ã‚   One of the greatest benefits of Ulysses is its synchronization capabilities. The program syncs seamlessly with iCloud and works on iOS as well, so you can write anywhere you are, on any device. It also integrates with Dropbox, making it easy to collaborate with others. iaWriter (Mac and Android only – FREE on Android!) iaWriter earns its place on this list because it’s a clear and clean plain-text editor with some of the most important features of the others, but at a much lower price. iaWriter might not be as versatile as Ulysses and Scrivener, but it works on the same principles. One of the coolest features that set iaWriter apart is Focus Mode, which dims everything except the current sentence you’re working on. You’re sure to have better and stronger sentences after using it. Syntax Control makes Focus Mode even better by highlighting your sentence’s grammatical structure. With the latest version of iaWriter, you can even add pictures and tables to content blocks, in case you’re working on something other than a straightforward novel. Editing: Hemingway Editor – FREE! If you haven’t been using this free online editing software that highlights your sentence structure and syntax, you’ve been missing out. Simply copy and paste your text into the Hemingway Editor’s interface, and it will show you what needs to be fixed. Things like overly complex structures, use of passive voice, and readability all become instantly highlighted and color-coded, allowing you to see all problems at a glance. You can even format your text into headings, subheadings, and add quotes and links. There’s a paid desktop version that works offline as well. Grammarly – FREE! Grammarly is a neat little browser extension that does essentially the same thing the Hemingway Editor does, but in real time. It will highlight spelling and grammar errors and suggest fixes. Grammarly also sends weekly emails summarizing your editing stats. You can opt out of if this feature if you wish. The greatest thing about this free plugin is that it works on most websites and text boxes, including Gmail and social media sites. Use it, and you’ll never accidentally send an unedited tweet again! When it comes to your writing projects, don’t settle for just a straightforward word processor anymore. With so much technology at your fingertips, there are thousands of writing tools and apps available that can make your writing time more productive and enjoyable than ever. Yet each program is as unique and different as every writer. Remember that not every program is going to fit your particular needs and style. If you’re spending money, take time to choose a program that will work for you. Most of these programs offer trial versions, so spend time learning them and working out their features before you pay. Just don’t take too long – your work in progress still needs your attention as well! What writing software do you swear by? Do you have any programs that you love and would recommend to others? Let us know in the comments!    Matt Grant  loves to write about writing, business, and all forms of popular  culture – books, film, and television. Matt started writing DVD reviews for  Pop Matters  in 2012, and in 2016, he followed through on a life-long dream by launching a part-time writing business at  www.mattgrantwriter.com. Since then, Matt’s work has appeared in  Literary Hub,  Book Riot,  HuffPost, and  BookBrowse,  and he has several ongoing clients.  His first personal essay,  Swimming Lessons,  is being published in LongReads at the end of August. Matt is also currently hard at work on his first novel, a comedic take on fantasy tropes for young adults. When not writing or reading, Matt works in youth development as an after-school program director  for one of the largest middle schools in Manhattan. Matt lives in Brooklyn with his wife, Katelyn. You can find him online at  www.mattgrantwriter.com, on  Twitter  @mattgrantwriter, and on Facebook  @mattgra ntwriter. Best Writing Apps and Tools of 2018 - Freewrite Store Writing Software that Will Blow Your Mind Today’s guest post is by  Matt Grant.  Matt is a Brooklyn-based writer and editor.  His  work has appeared in  Literary Hub,  Book Riot,  HuffPost, and  BookBrowse.  Find Matt  online, or follow him on  Twitter  and  Facebook. Writing Software that Will Blow Your Mind As writers, we know that our craft takes time and energy. The last thing we need is to get bogged down in the process itself. Beyond the basic story, we’re often also struggling to keep track of character details, side plots, and random flashes of inspiration for parts of the story we’re not even working on yet. We need a solid place to keep all of this information in one, easily accessible place. Thankfully, gone are the days where you sat down at a typewriter and wrote everything in one long document. Yet one of the most frustrating things in our technological age is to be plugging away on a work in progress, only to get sidelined by bad or sluggish software. Below is a list of some of the best planning, writing and editing software available today with amazing features you didn’t know you needed. And the best part is, many of them are free. Planning: Scapple Scapple, by the folks at Literature and Latte, is a basic mind-mapping tool. It’s super simple and easy to use. All you do is make notes and connect them to one another by dragging and dropping them onto one another. Notes can be customized by color and size, although these options are limited. This can actually be a good thing, though, since you can’t waste too much time worrying about making your map look pretty. Scapple makes brainstorming not only easy, but fun. It’s like having an endless amount of paper at your disposal. Running out of room? No problem, you can easily zoom out of your working area and start a new map or connection in another area. yWriter – FREE! (Windows Only) yWriter is a free word processor for Windows PCs. Built by a writer for writers, the program breaks up your novel into scenes or chapters, making it easier for you to keep track of what goes where. You can create character cards and tags, and add a lot of helpful customizable notes to your scenes, such as the time of day it takes place and how long the scene is supposed to last. Due to its simplicity, I wouldn’t recommend yWriter for writing a full novel, although it has been done. There are much more advanced programs for that. yWriter is better for planning out your story scene by scene. But if you’re on a budget, yWriter will get the job done! Writing: Scrivener I’ve been using Scrivener for several years now, and it’s hands-down the best thing that could have happened to my writing. Scrivener is one of most popular writing tools available today. It’s so much more than just a word processor – it’s a novel-generating machine. Similar to yWriter, Scrivener allows you to break up your project into different parts, but it’s not just confined to chapters or scenes. You can have a flashback, a brief exchange between characters, or an entire short story in one document. These can be edited separately, allowing you to focus on just one small part of your work, or in â€Å"Scrivenings Mode,† which links together a series of scenes, like a whole first act. There are tons of easy-to-use, customizable features like split-screen, a digital note card outliner, a binder, and my personal favorite, compose mode.    If it all seems overwhelming, you don’t have to use all of the features. With Scrivener, you can find what works for you. It’s also cheap – at less than $50, Scrivener is an absolute steal. Sprinter – FREE! If you like â€Å"word sprints† – quick, 15-minute bursts of writing – consider giving Sprinter a try. Sprinter is an uncomplicated, distraction-free web-based writing program with a timer. You simply start writing, and the timer on the right side of the page begins its countdown. Need more than 15 minutes? No problem, set the timer for as long as you wish. You can also make a word count goal. Sprinter is great for brainstorming, flash fiction, writing prompts, and more. If you need to save your work for later, create a Postbox account and sync to Dropbox, Google Drive, and Evernote. Ulysses (Mac only) Similar to Scrivener, Ulysses is a customizable writing tool with lots of great features. You can organize your writing by project or subject, attach files, set writing goals, and add links and images to your text with ease. Ulysses utilizes a clear, clean, and beautiful interface. The editor allows you to choose your own colors, outlines, and more.  Ã‚   One of the greatest benefits of Ulysses is its synchronization capabilities. The program syncs seamlessly with iCloud and works on iOS as well, so you can write anywhere you are, on any device. It also integrates with Dropbox, making it easy to collaborate with others. iaWriter (Mac and Android only – FREE on Android!) iaWriter earns its place on this list because it’s a clear and clean plain-text editor with some of the most important features of the others, but at a much lower price. iaWriter might not be as versatile as Ulysses and Scrivener, but it works on the same principles. One of the coolest features that set iaWriter apart is Focus Mode, which dims everything except the current sentence you’re working on. You’re sure to have better and stronger sentences after using it. Syntax Control makes Focus Mode even better by highlighting your sentence’s grammatical structure. With the latest version of iaWriter, you can even add pictures and tables to content blocks, in case you’re working on something other than a straightforward novel. Editing: Hemingway Editor – FREE! If you haven’t been using this free online editing software that highlights your sentence structure and syntax, you’ve been missing out. Simply copy and paste your text into the Hemingway Editor’s interface, and it will show you what needs to be fixed. Things like overly complex structures, use of passive voice, and readability all become instantly highlighted and color-coded, allowing you to see all problems at a glance. You can even format your text into headings, subheadings, and add quotes and links. There’s a paid desktop version that works offline as well. Grammarly – FREE! Grammarly is a neat little browser extension that does essentially the same thing the Hemingway Editor does, but in real time. It will highlight spelling and grammar errors and suggest fixes. Grammarly also sends weekly emails summarizing your editing stats. You can opt out of if this feature if you wish. The greatest thing about this free plugin is that it works on most websites and text boxes, including Gmail and social media sites. Use it, and you’ll never accidentally send an unedited tweet again! When it comes to your writing projects, don’t settle for just a straightforward word processor anymore. With so much technology at your fingertips, there are thousands of writing tools and apps available that can make your writing time more productive and enjoyable than ever. Yet each program is as unique and different as every writer. Remember that not every program is going to fit your particular needs and style. If you’re spending money, take time to choose a program that will work for you. Most of these programs offer trial versions, so spend time learning them and working out their features before you pay. Just don’t take too long – your work in progress still needs your attention as well! What writing software do you swear by? Do you have any programs that you love and would recommend to others? Let us know in the comments!    Matt Grant  loves to write about writing, business, and all forms of popular  culture – books, film, and television. Matt started writing DVD reviews for  Pop Matters  in 2012, and in 2016, he followed through on a life-long dream by launching a part-time writing business at  www.mattgrantwriter.com. Since then, Matt’s work has appeared in  Literary Hub,  Book Riot,  HuffPost, and  BookBrowse,  and he has several ongoing clients.  His first personal essay,  Swimming Lessons,  is being published in LongReads at the end of August. Matt is also currently hard at work on his first novel, a comedic take on fantasy tropes for young adults. When not writing or reading, Matt works in youth development as an after-school program director  for one of the largest middle schools in Manhattan. Matt lives in Brooklyn with his wife, Katelyn. You can find him online at  www.mattgrantwriter.com, on  Twitter  @mattgrantwriter, and on Facebook  @mattgra ntwriter.

Implications of Concepts of Organizational Behavior at a Local Essay

Implications of Concepts of Organizational Behavior at a Local Restaurant in London - Essay Example The restaurant is comprised of totaling fifty employees. Most of these employees are foreigner students who work part time at Mr. Smith’s Restaurant. Mr. Smith offers flexible working conditions to these students. He allows them to work full time during holidays as well as part time during exams. Lately, the restaurant underwent a substantial increase in numbers of customers. This increment is mainly due to the popularity of International and European Cuisine offered at Mr. Smith’s Restaurant. Such popularity has encouraged Mr. Smith to open more chains of this restaurant throughout U.K. In this paper, Mr. Smith’s business has been analyzed from the following mentioned perspective. Organizational Culture and Structure Leadership and Management Styles Motivational Theories and their implications Teamwork and Group Behavior In subsequent paragraphs, these aspects of Mr. Smith’s business are discussed in detailed manner. Task 1 - Understand the relationship b etween Organizational Structure and Culture a) Compare and contrast ‘geographical’ and ‘functional’ organizational structure. You should include examples of the application of these organization structures in real businesses. Organizational Structures and Culture Organizational structures are developed to define a framework of command and order through which the tasks and activities of an organization can be organized, planned, directed and controlled in order to achieve the overall organizational goals. Within U.K, most of the restaurants possess geographical, functional and entrepreneurial structures. Functional Structure; this structure refers to organizing the business depending upon what each department does. Geographical Structure; This structure groups activity according to their geographical location. Services are provided after considering ease of management and convenience of customers. Product-based Structures; Companies that possess wide range o f products have this type of organizational structures. Wide range of products is generally categorized in width extension, breadth extension and line extension Multifunctional and Multidivisional Structures; this structure is typically possessed by large corporations whose business operations are expanded globally. This structure possesses multiple hierarchical levels in organization. Matrix Structures; matrix organization requires an employee to report two bosses at same time. For instance, a person might be an employee in sales department but he has to report to finance manager as well about the sales of a certain period. Centralization; in centralization, only one individual or top management has the sole authority of taking decision for the entire company. Decentralization; decentralization disperses the decision making governance in proximity of workers (Heathfield, n.d.). Implication of Organizational Structure in Mr. Smith’s Restaurant Since the business of Mr. Smith is family owned, therefore substantial reliance is upon the owner-manager that is Mr. Smith. Mr. Smith has the sole authority, accountability and responsibility of the entire organization. The relationships between Mr. Smith and other members of organization are developed in informal and personal basis. However, at the same time Mr. Smith plans to expand his business which

Health Services and Medicine Childhood Obesity Essay

Health Services and Medicine Childhood Obesity - Essay Example Childhood obesity in Kansas is rampant and considered a disease because it endangers healthy lifestyles within the city and the nation. There is global concern about the health of children and menace of childhood obesity. In America, Kansas City data shows that 31 percent of low-income children below five years of age are suffering from overweight or obese. Statistics has it that 41 percent of school-going children are obese and in the early stages of developing diabetes. Federal and state government through the Medicare system provides health care assistance to the affected individuals to address obesity-related conditions (Nelson et al., 2015). With the advancement of healthcare services and information technology, there are various technological applications implemented to reduce obesity problems. The use of the application software on the Smartphone, for instance, can be fundamental to linking doctors to monitor patient progress. That, consequently, reduces the prevalence of obesity problems. The editorials and the media campaigns educate people by creating awareness on obesity control and prevention. There are other practices limiting obesity such as the indulgence in rigorous physical activities to monitor the body mass. Smartphone Application in Obesity Control The uses of mobile technologies can help prevent and reduce the rate of childhood obesity in Kansas.

Scientific Method Applied To Forensic Science Environmental Sciences Essay

Scientific Method Applied To Forensic Science Environmental Sciences Essay Forensic science is often described as a science about patterns of crime mechanisms, about collection of information about the crime and its participants, about rules of evidence gathering, researching, evaluating and applying, and eventually about those media and methods based on this knowledge necessary for judicial scrutiny conduction and crime prevention (Raton, 2003). It makes it natural for this science to use not only specific forensic methods, but general scientific method tested by time and different branches of natural and physical knowledge as well. The term scientific method means a method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data are gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from these data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested (Flexner Hauck, 1987). The matter is, many scientists fail to build a fundamental theory of how scientific method is applied to forensic science, while it is extremely important to differentiate the way it is applied to this science and the way it is applied to other sciences, as they differ to a great extent. Forensic sciences study the past and not the present, Dr. Thomas Young explains (Young, 2009). The first stage, observation and description is intended to find out and completely reflect what happened. The activity of observation requires efficient and intentional direct perception of objects and phenomena with the use of senses. It includes the study of materials and products, structures and textures. It is especially significant during inspection, search, and other investigative actions. The purpose of observation depends on the character of the object or phenomena we examine. Sometimes we reveal some thing; sometimes we look for certain characteristics, properties and features this thing possesses. In other cases it can be the behavior of the suspect, accused etc. (Davis, 2005). According to these criteria, some facts revealed during observation and procedurally fixed can have the significance of evidence, while others (like the behavior of a defendant during the interrogation) can be just a kind of material to build versions. In this way the task is to describe a set of de fined circumstances, to reconstruct the picture of the crime or a tort, to recreate the intricate variety of past conditions as full as possible, paying attention to timing and order of events. The prerogative are the actions intended to reveal and fix the traces of the crime or tort that change fast and the evidences which can be easily lost or changed on purpose. When the expert has enough data to see what took place, he formulates a hypothesis or several of them to explain the observation. This process can be also called versification we look for versions. The gnoseological aspect interprets version as a form of transmission from unawareness to knowledge about the investigated event. Thats why it is defined as a form and process of reflecting material world phenomena and empowering the objective nature of a studied object by thought itself. The process of cognition doesnt put borders between logical, psychological and cognitive aspects as they are all the parts of one process of mentality (Shafer, 2008). To have scientific power, hypotheses should be theoretically substantiated, allow specific order of verification and applicable methods to check the version. Hypothesis is a driving force of science development; hypothesis is one of the forms of science. Apart from the general theory of forensic science, the expert should apply his own professional experience. This stage is based on application of different logical constructions as an instrument. It is closely connected with the next action, consisting in building up predictions of other phenomena or concluding results. The media and methods of forming forensic predictions are intended for practical cognition of certain social phenomena which is a crime and aim at solving the question of guilt or guiltlessness of the subject. Hence they are to correspond to the strict criteria of reliability, legality, morality and acceptability. Each result, each consequence concluded from the proposed version should be carefully verified. Until the version is disproved and rejected, each fact logically coming from it should be checked in the light of its correspondence to the reality. Some part examined does not give the reason to take the version as something objectively true. If the examination provides contradicting data, you should never stop the tests. All the reasons of divergence should be found out. Falsification is an essential constituent of the scientific method. The hypothesis should be ideally either disproved or falsified. If there is a possibility to disprove the hypothesis, the scientist can discard it and turn to another, more correct hypothesis. Alternatively, if the hypothesis is confirmed by the experimentation and the following observation, it still does not mean this confirmation proves the truth of the hypothesis, Thomas Young claims (Young, 2009). Among the other methods, some statistical methods (generating quantitative results) are applied. Though they are not very popular and, according to the results of the survey, only 7% of respondents rely on them. Quantitative methods dont receive wide practical use because they fail to take to account individual features, and because this systems are not developed that well at all (Shafer, 2008). The last and the very important stage includes the application of such scientific method as experiment. It is usually based on scientifically conducted test performed to study the verified phenomena and its links with other phenomena. The particular feature of the experiment is possibility and necessity to interfere in the process of testing, studying the phenomena from different sides and in different conditions. Through investigation experiment is applied in various forms. One of the most effective methods affirmed by the theory of forensic science is parallel (simultaneous) testing by several independent experimenters. It means that other investigators are permitted to check and try to falsify the hypothesis proposed by the scientist. This procedure provides the most optimal tempo of investigation and economization of working time of the team. It is also efficient to check up several versions across. Gradual verification threatens to take more time and even ruin precious evidences , miss the procedure deadline of investigation. Considerable rule of examination consists in the following: test should go on until the version is disproved or until we achieve the situation when we can consider it to be the objective truth. The scientific method turns an assumption on any fact into a reliable piece of knowledge when we can prove this is the only fact to give such results. The hypothesis also turns into reliable knowledge when it is proved that all possible reasons of some fact except one are ruled out. The forensic version is right under the following circumstances: If all possible suppositions concerning the circumstances of the crime under detection were taken into account and no new data bring new versions. For instance, if there are three versions of murder (willful homicide, manslaughter, or an accident), disprove of the two versions except the first doesnt prove the willful murder is true. It can turn to be a mistake and truth nay be in the suicide version missed by the investigator. All the versions proposed concerning the situation were verified and all of them except the only one objectively proved were disproved and thrown away. All the consequences (circumstances) logically concluded from the proved version were thoroughly studied and revealed by confirmation. The version confirmed is absolutely coordinated with other circumstances of the case. Only in the case all the conditions listed are observed, the version can be admitted as the one corresponding to reality and expressing the objective truth (Flexner Hauck, 1987). Eventually, when the hypothesis is confirmed repeatedly through times over time, this hypothesis has all the chances to become a theory. When we say a theory, we mean a common principle used by scientists to explicate phenomena and make predictions of further events. All in all, we have seen the systematic approach provided by the general scientific method when applied to the forensic science. At the same time it is necessary to remember that forensic science itself is often defined as the application of science to law. It goes without saying, it is not ideal at all and has its own disadvantages consisting in certain limitations, but still it has demonstrated its sustainability in the sphere of crimes. The scientific method has proven itself over time to be a reliable way to arrive at real, measurable, observable truth, Dr. Thomas Young proclaims (Young, 2009).

Online Banking System

1. Introduction Online banking is an internet based account management service that allows to view our account balances and transaction transfer funds between authorized accounts, initiate loan payments, request stop payments on checks, order personal checks, download transaction information into your computer communicate with the bank using e-mail, and can include bill payment services bill payment services. On-line storage refers to a file of information (like a file on â€Å"students† or † courses) that the computer and the user can access immediately. The computer, in other words, is directly connected to the file. A database is simply a collection of on-line files to which the user can gain access Tape storage of data is inexpensive and reliable. Computer tape stores data much like audiotape and videotape store pictures and music, namely, in sequential order using magnetic impression on a thin film. Disk storage involves using magnetic impressions on a thin steel disk. The advantage here is that the information does not need to be in sequential order and the user can gain access to any piece of information immediately. Transactions Immediate Input Immediate Processing Immediate File Update On-Line Processing Online processing, which is now common involves transactions and processing them immediately. On-line processing systems use disk storage, which permits immediate access to specific items of information. In on-line processing, transactions are keyed into the system immediately and the system responds immediately. The master file is updated continually. The online has revolutionized the computer and communications world like noting before. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities. The online is at once a world wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location. In this paper online several of us involved in the development and evolution of the share our views of its origins and history. This history revolves around four distinct aspects. There is the technological evolution that began with early research on packet switching and the Arpanet (and related technologies), and where current research continues to expand the horizons of the infrastructure along several dimensions such as scale, Performance and higher level functionality. There is the operations and management aspect of a global and complex operational infrastructure. There is the social aspect, which resulted in a broad community of Internets working together to create and evolve the technology. And there is the commercialization aspect, resulting in an Extremely effective transition of research results into a broadly deployed and available information infrastructure. The online today is a widespread information infrastructure the initial prototype of what is often called the National (or Global or Galactic) Information Infrastructure. Its history is complex and involves many aspects-technological organizational and community. And its influence reaches not only to the technical fields of computer communications but throughout society as we move toward increasing use of online tools to accomplish electronic commerce, information acquisition, and community operations. 2. Importance of the study The banking business has been in effect since the importance and need of finance and money as well transaction in business. We got the banking culture in a usual form within the relationship between customers and bankers. In course of time banking became the inevitable part of our daily necessities through out our state. Banking business always appears to fulfill the need and convenience of customers in home and abroad. Nowadays, the banking business refurbished itself in accordance with variation in customer's need and utilization. Accordingly a larger section of population is still unaware of Online Banking owing to many reasons and legitimate crises. Moreover, this Online banking culture is such a culture or trend, as people ought to know, considering the issue. We should go forward to work immensely in this area or field as though this trend or culture spreads and gets access to the realization of people in no time. The money embezzlement in a bank poses tense and threat to the belief of people on bank, that man be eradicated through updated, modem service ensured in change of traditional banking management, therefore, my research work regarding this banking culture might grow the confidence, eagerness to large extent. On the contrary, this study would let the people and students be familiarized and come to a close contact in behalf of this banking system. 3. Objectives of the study: The primary objective of the term paper is to find out a feasible solution for the banking System of Bangladesh using a nation-wide network. Implementing a nation-wide Electronic banking system requires huge investment especially for the establishment of a backbone network. It really matters for a country like ours. But fortunately we need not go for establishing the backbone network; instead the high-speed optical fiber network previously owned by Bangladesh Railway can be leased partially to meet the requirement. This work also finds some comparison study with the existing system and finally focuses on few what-if analyses. The comparison study has been founded upon some important financial services such as fund emote transferring, letter of credit (L/C), assuring foreign exchange rate etc. It mainly finds the economic benefits. The what-if analyses have been formed using some internal matrices for performance evolution. The main objective of the term paper is to gather knowledge about the online Banking system and find out the consistency and inconsistency. I also try to adjust with the gap to be competent at the modem job market. The areas on which I have tried to give emphasis are: ? Working environment has and should be established. Identify the problems and prospects of online banking and recommends their solution. ? Justify the present supportive facilities, which are given by online Banking ? Interaction between different place with-in Bangladesh ? To show the influence of environmental situation on online. 4. Methodology of the study: Term paper is conclusive as well as descriptive in nature. Necessary Statistical tools have been applied to carry out the assigned study Following methods have been used to accomplish this proposed solution: ?  ¬ Basic principles of existing banking system (Bangladesh) ? Study the major drawbacks of existing system by interviewing the current employees of different banks. Interviews are mostly taken through emails and in some cases through telephone and Internet chat. ?  ¬ Study the existing IT infrastructure of Bangladesh in context of Bank by interviewi ng the developer of different banking software vendors ?  ¬ Study the E-banking system from different resources that are available in different websites, books and online journals ?  ¬ Some of the what-if analysis has been used to measure performance of the proposed solution. 5. Limitations of the study I have tried out best to collect the maximum information from the internet and Banks but I faced some problems: 1. Banks didn't provide all necessary information for their business secrecy. 2. Collecting data and preparing report is very expensive. 3. Times are not sufficient for preparing a very good report. As a result, information presented on the report might not reflect the utmost entire reality. Few data, which are gathered from secondary sources, could not match with present situation, because there was no annual report from the company. . 0 Findings and Analysis: 6. 1 The initial online concepts: The original ARPANET grew into the online, online was based on the idea that there would be multiple independent networks of rather arbitrary design, beginning with the ARPANET as the pioneering packet switching network, but soon to include packet satellite networks ground based packet radio networks and other networks. The online as we now know it embodies a key underlying technical idea, namely that of open architecture networking. In this approach, the choice of any individual network technology was not dictated by particular network architecture but rather could be selected freely by a provider and made to interwar with the other networks though a meta-level â€Å"Internetworking Architecture† Up until that time there was only one general method for federating networks. This was the traditional circuit switching method where networks would interconnect at the circuit level passing individual bits on a synchronous basis along a portion of an end to end circuit between a pair of end locations. Recall that Klein rock had shown in 1961 that packet switching was a more efficient switching method. Along with packet switching special purpose interconnection arrangements between networks were another possibility. Which there were other limited ways to interconnect different networks, they required that one be used as a component of the other, rather than acting as a peer of the other in offering end to end service. In an open architecture network, the individual networks may e separately designed and developed and each may have its own unique interface which it may offer to users and/ or other providers, including other internet roviders. Each network can be designed in accordance with the specific environment and user requirements of that network. There are generally no constraints on the types of network that can be included or on their geographic scope, although certain pragmatic considerations will dictate what makes sense to offer. Basically online is making up by networkin g of all branches. Any customer can collect money or deposit any amount of money, any branch of this bank. So modern world, online banking is call easy banking online system has two parts: Internal online system. External online system. Internal online system is any customer can deposit money or collect money from any branches of this bank. And external online system is any customer can deposit money or collect money or even pay his any kind of bill by ATM card or credit card. Online banking system is a powerful banking system for any banking transaction. For set up an online system need a lot of money. So which bank has only two or three branches don't want to set up online system. Online banking is secure. Every online bank is so confident of its technology that they guarantee the confidentiality of any transaction on the internet. Electronic payment is so easy. Just follow the instructions as outlined in the easy guide to electronic bill paying as it takes through the process. Step-by step or visit their bill payment tutorial as new things come on-line, well announce in these new area. The customer can get to it from their name page or as the customer â€Å"exit† online banking. They also e-mail their customers when there are changes in their bank, who has online banking system, they also have own website. In this website they must have obtain of online. Any customer can take the benefit of online service from this website. Every online bank sends customer's last month transaction report at their home. So check this report, to see what’s cleared and what hasn't. Customer's â€Å"Account summary† will display whether a bill payment was rejected. Mobile banking is the modify color of online banking. Any customer can take the benefit of online banking by phone. Any customer can enjoy the fabulous features of online banking even when they away from the bank. Mobile banking is the smart choice for busy People on the move and if they are already on online banking customer. It's available at no additional cost. Mobile Banking with a palm handheld adds an exciting new dimension to online Banking. Now customer can enjoy all the ease, convenience, privacy and security of Online Banking through a handheld computer that fits neatly in customer purse or pocket it’s the financial Imagine the freedom and control of viewing customer financial picture any time of the day of night, in the privacy of customer's own surroundings. Check the balances of saving accounts, business banking accounts, lines of credit, or VISA' credit card accounts; †¢ Transfer funds between accounts. †¢ Check the balances and details of your loan and mortgage accounts †¢ Pay your bills, †¢ Obtain up-to- the minute account information. Online Banking is anywhere you have Internet access, so it's never been more convenient to manage your finances. With online banking you can quickly and easily solution of the future and its there right now system Check your account activity and balances. †¢ Transfer funds and receive and pay bills. †¢ Contribute to your RRSP and double up on your mortgage payments †¢ Plus so much more. l management Enjoy all this convenience and control within the safety, security and privacy of Online Banking 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. 6. 2 Service Provided by Online Bank Most of the online Banks have the equivalence in the services. Considering the services of banks given, we can show the view of services offered based on the following forms given bellow: Services available | |Basic (Most bank offer) |Advanced (some banks offer) | |Check account balances |Apply for loans | |Transfer funds among accounts |Download information about accounts | |Pay bills electronically |Trade stocks or mutual funds | | |View images of checks and deposit | 6. 3 Description of Online banking service Online Ban king Service is an electronic service provided via the Internet that permits customer authorized access to Access information about certain deposits and credit accounts for which customer are authorized to view information. †¢ Transfer funds between authorized accounts. †¢ Request and receive confirmation of stop payment on a check. †¢ Enter an order for customer personal checks according to check order information on file. †¢ Download transaction information to personal financial management software or spreadsheet. Communicate with the Bank using the online Banking E-mail Feature. The service is provided free to charge except for Online Bill Payment and stop payment orders. The Bank may offer additional services in the future, which will be subject to these terms and conditions as from time to time modified. Fees and charges for online Banking Services and Bill Payment will not be changed without at least 30 days prior notice and shall be charged to customer acc ount. The service is generally available 24 hours a day, seven days a week; however, the service may be unavailable from time to time for routine software and hardware maintenance or due to unscheduled down time. 6. 4 General terms and conditions Anyone agree to indemnify, hold harmless, and defend this bank from and against any and all claims, actions, suits, judgments, and expenses ( including court costs and reasonable fees of attorneys, accountants , and expert witnesses) at us sole expense, arising from us failure to abide by the restrictions on use of the Online Banking Services set forth herein. He agrees that the following uses of the Online Banking Services are strictly prohibited: †¢ Unauthorized communication of any account information to any other person or entity. †¢ Unauthorized communication of any information concerning any password or other online access number, code, or identification or any other proprietary information belonging to any other person or entity. Use of the Online Banking Services to copy or to distribute or transmit copies of copyrighted materials belonging to any other person or entity is permitted only to the extent that the owner has provided express permission to the user Permit ting such activity and the Bank has also approved such use in advance. Copying or Distributing or transmitting copyrighted materials other than with permission as specified above is expressly prohibited. †¢ Communicating any absence or defamatory information. †¢ Use of the Online Banking Services in violation of any telecommunication, postal, or other local laws or regulations of the user's †¢ Any use of the Online banking services for any purpose other than conducting banking business pertaining to us account (s) with regarding Bank. 6. 5 Limitations and liabilities The Bank and its suppliers make no warranties or representations of any kind with respect to the Online Banking Services, whether express or implied including but not limited to merchantability or fitness for particular purpose and neither the Bank nor the Bank's suppliers nor anyone else who has been involved in the creation, production or delivery of the Online Banking Services assumes any responsibilities with respect to his use thereof. No oral or written information or advice given by the Bank, the Bank's suppliers or any of the Bank’s agents or employees shall create or increase the scope of a warranty or in any way decrease this limitation and he may not rely on any such information or advice. He explicitly agree that any liability of regarding Bank arising from the provision of Online Banking Services is limited to the fee he paid the Bank for the transaction which gave rise to the alleged liability. He expressly waive any claims for additional consequential, incidental, compensatory or punitive damages and agree that the damage provisions set forth herein are commercially reasonable in light of the value of such Online Banking Services (including the possibility that the fees he paid hereunder may not be sufficient to fully compensate for all losses, but such fees are in an amount as to make it unfeasible for us to be responsible for greater damages). Any cause of action concerning the online banking services or online bill payment services under the agreement must be commenced within one year after such cause of action has occurred and be filled the circuit Court of the sate of Oregon for Baker country. 6. 6 How does online banking work? Online banking offers many chances for consumers to do certain transactions over the Internet. They allow them to use online features, which are available on the web such as checking their account balance and other types of transactions. To use Internet features, consumers have to log in and type their account number with the password. This will enable them to view all the information they need of their accounts and by clicking on the type of transaction, they want. In addition to that, most online banks provide a proper privacy of the information related to consumers and maintains security aspects. There are many services that can be presented by the banks over the Internet instead of viewing accounts for consumers around the world. Paying bills electrically is also one of the most effective features of online banking. Consumers do not need to wait until receiving mails of bills if they use the electronic way of payments. More over, online banking can serve their customers with transferring their money between accounts, which could be as a real transaction in dealing with traditional banks. They also can contact their branches over the net by sending emails if they face any problem or ask for farther information. Architecturally, bank may design its Online Banking system in two ways: Central Server System Distributed Server System Considering the facts of telecommunication infrastructure, distributed system is preferred solution. So that, one branch can do its transaction and customers can get service even if the communication is disrupted. The foreign banks in our country use central Server concept. In these systems, all the branches log in the central server and perform transactions. Solid communication line is required for central server system. If the line is down, transaction hamper2. 4 Critical evaluation of online banking. 6. 6. 1 Bill payment services This applies to all checking accounts for which Online Bill Payment Service has been requested. He authorize regarding Bank to transfer funds in accordance with his payment request. Payment (s) will be deducted from his checking account and transferred to a designated vendor/merchant account based on the electronic instructions he authorize. The Bank will execute his request when instructed by him or his authorized representative, subject to the terms of this agreement and applicable disclosures. Consumer funds transfers are also subject to the Electronic Funds Transfer Act (EFTA). 6. 6. 2 Security procedures The Bank's financial standard security procedures are to request one’s online banking users ID code and password. User may change his/her password at anytime while online. He agrees that any use of the Online banking services indicates his acceptance of the Bank's security procedures. He agree that any request acted upon in good faith by the Bank in compliance with these security procedures whether or not authorized by him, shall be treated as his authorized request whether he paying his bills with Online Banking trading stocks with Action Direct Net Action or submitting a credit card application online, regarding bank financial group members have gone to great lengths to ensure your confidentiality and security. They use several layers of robust security methods including encryption, firewall and timed long outs among others to ensure his personal and financial information are kept private and confidential. With respect to his Online banking sessions, as an extra measure of security, confirmation numbers are issued with every transaction. To protect his password and online Banking session, they employ state of the art encryption technology. Encryption is presently the most effective way to achieve data security. That is why your browser must be compatible with 128-bit encryption in order to access Online Banking. Client privacy is an important issued both to him and to them regarding Bank is committed to respecting the confidentiality of them customer’s personal business and information. 6. 6. 3 Recording and records The user authorizes the Bank to record electronic transmissions between the Bank and him or any person acting on his behalf, to keep those records as long as we consider it necessary. If the bank records about a payment are different than the users records, recordings, including, but not limited to any payment instructions received by the bank. 6. 6. 4 Methods used to make the funds transferred The Bank may select any means for the transmission of funds which we consider suitable, including but not limited to Automated Clearing House (ACH). You should anticipate that payments made by ACH might take up to 4 days to be credited; other payments may take up to 10 days to be credited. The Bank is not responsible for performance failure as a result of a delay or interruption in transfer facilities, labor disputes, power failures, equipment malfunctions, suspension of payment by another bank or payee, refusal or delay by another bank or payee to accept the funds transfer, war , emergency conditions, fire , earthquake, or other circumstances not within our control. These difficulties may extend the time when payments are credited. 6. 6. 5 Incorrect instruction He agree that he are solely responsible for giving them correct instructions with regard to the account his wish debited, the time of payment, the amount of the payment and the correct payee. He furthermore agree that his obligation to pay the Bank the amount of the payment made on his behalf is not excused by his failure to give us accurate or proper instructions. He agrees that the Bank will not be responsible for any delay arising out of our attempt to obtain correct instructions. 6. 6. 6 Receipt, acknowledgement and execution of request by bank Payment request are considered received by the Bank after providing he with a confirmation number for his payments (s) and his payment (s) have been confirmed as correct by him at the end of the Online Bill Payment session. The Bank must have a certain amount of notice before paying a bill. In order to execute his order to pay a bill on the same day the request is received, the Bank must have the request before 12:00 noon, Pacific Time, of that day. If the request to pay a bill is received after 12:00 noon, Pacific Time, the request will not be made until the next banking day. 6. 6. 7 Payment of bank When the Bank makes him requested payment he authorized the Bank to automatically and immediately deduct form his checking account the amount of the payment. He also agrees that the Online Bill payment transaction fee will be automatically deducted from his account on a monthly basis. 6. 6. 8 Rejection of payment The Bank has a right to reject his request for a payment for reasons including but not limited to: insufficient funds or uncollected funds in the amount specified in his request; the Bank's inability to execute the funds transfer for the reasons set out above titled Method Used to Make the Funds Transfer or incorrect or incomplete instructions given by you. He recognizes that the payee may be advised of the reason a payment is reject. 6. 6. 9 Cancellation or amendment of payment If the Bank has received his payment request and he later decides he you want to cancel or amend that payment, he may be able to revise his payment transfer instructions. He will not be able to cancel or amend his bill payment request if it has already been executed by the Bank. The Bank shall have no liability if such cancellation or amendment is not effected, and he agree to indemnify and hold the Bank harmless from any and all liabilities, costs and expenses (including court costs and reasonable fees for attorneys, accountants, and expert witnesses) the Bank may incur in attempting to cancel or amend the payment. 6. 6. 10 Confirmation of payment execution and account statement All payee payments executed will appear on his monthly checking account statement. He should review his statement, or other notice, for any discrepancies in connection with his payments. If he thinks a payment was made incorrectly form his checking account. He must contact Pioneer Bank in writing upon discovery of the error or within 60 days after he receive the first statement or notice which has the discrepancy, whichever is earlier. Failure to do so will reliever the Bank of any obligation to compensate you for his losses and expenses directly related to the erroneous payment. 6. 6. 11 Duty of reasonable care The Bank shall exercise good faith and reasonable care in processing his payments. He shall similarly exercise good faith and reasonable care in observing and maintaining security procedures, in communicating payment requests to the Bank, and in reviewing Bank statements for any discrepancies. The Bank will use reasonable efforts in attempting to cause creditors to reverse any service fee or late charge, which is related to payment processing error or delay. He also understand that the Bank will not be responsible for any loss or penalty that he may incur due to lack of sufficient funds or other conditions that may prevent the withdrawal of funds from his account or cause delays of errors in his payments. He understand that the Bank will not honor any request to pay when there are not sufficient funds available for withdrawal of funds form his account or cause delays or errors in his payments. He understands that the Bank will not honor any request to pay when there are not sufficient funds available in his account. The Bank's rules on when deposited funds are available for withdrawal are outlined in the information he received when opening your accounts (s). 6. 6. 12 Limitation of liability He explicitly agree that any liability of regarding Bank arising from the provision of Online Bill Payment Services is limited to the fee he paid the Bank for the transaction which gave rise to the alleged liability. He expressly waive any claims for additional, consequential, incidental, compensatory, or punitive damages and agree that the damage provisions set forth herein are commercially reasonable in light of the value of such Online bill Payment Services (including the possibility that the fees you paid hereunder may not be sufficient to fully compensate for all losses, but such fees are in an amount as to make it unfeasible for the Bank to be responsible for greater damages) 6. 7. Features of online banking The features available from an on-line bank account are similar to those which are avail able via ‘phone banking or visiting the local branch. on-line banking features do differ between the banks, but usually include: 6. 8 The major principles are: 6. 8. 1 Online Bank ing Principles Supplement to consumers Union policy on Electronic money and Banking security: 1. Providers of on-line financial services should provide sites that are secure. Secure sites should include the most effective existing protections such as passwords and encryption, and should be routinely reviewed and updated to ensure that new security features are added as they are developed. 2. Financial services providers should be vigilant to expose imposters using their names or similar names to include consumers to reveal personal financial information. 3 . Federal and state regulations should carefully scrutinize the operating practices, security and solvency standards, and privacy policies of both on-line providers of financial services and of third-party providers, contractors and subcontractors. 4. Financial services entities should take responsibility to make the consumer whole for losses from computer crime not caused by the consumer; for security breaches; for failures and losses caused by third parties selected by the financial services entity or by its subcontractors; and for losses contributed to by the financial institution's sharing of customer data internally, with an affiliate, or with a third party. 5. Providers of on-line financial services should accept the responsibility to try to prevent, detect, and eradicate viruses and other security breaches. Viruses sometimes cannot be prevented, but some on-line banking contractors offered today attempt to eliminate all responsibility on the provider even to try to do so. Because a consumer's ability to access funds needed for daily living can be affected by viruses and other security breaches, on-line financial services providers should accept more responsibility than is commonly accepted by web site providers of lower cost, less financially sensitive products. 6. Banks should take affirmative steps to make on-line banking services available in neighborhoods where access to on-line services is low. This may include providing access and training in community centers, housing projects, and urban high schools, as well as other creative approaches. 7. On-line banking channels should not replace other channels that permit in-person activity unless and until there is clear evidence that all demographic groups (including age and income groups) are in fact bearing equally well served by on- line banking as by other bank channels, including brick and mortar branches. 8. Banks who provide special offers to internet customers must also have an effective method to make those offers available to customers without access to the internet. 9. Access to on-line banking services should not be tied to the purchase of another product or service, or to high minimum balance requirements. 10 . Banks and insured financial service providers who accept deposits nationally should not restrict their Community Reinvestment Act areas to the physical location of their home offices. 11. Banks and other providers of on-line financial services should protect and respect consumers' financial privacy. Information about account numbers, account balances, transaction patterns, specific transactions or similar information should never be provided to third parties, affiliates or internal divisions without the express permission of the customer. Material used to check permission should desirable all of the types of information that might be shared and with whom the information might be shared. 12. Banks who use an opt-out method should provide a means to exercise the opt-out directly through the sign-up process, in addition to providing a phone numbers or other methods. The customer who knows he or she wishes to opt-out at the time of signing up for on-line banking should not have to take a separate step to do so. If opt-out is used, it must include the opportunity to opt-out from information sharing among both affiliates and internal bank departments, as well as with third parties. 13. Financial services providers should not condition the provision of on-line services upon consent to share financial information with an internal division, affiliate, or third party, except to the extent that the internal sharing of such information id both necessary for the provision of the service and fully disclosed to the consumer. 14 Financial services sites should never store information about the consumer in any location where it can be accessed by a third party. On-line financial services providers should fully disclose the nature and purpose of any electronic markets they propose to place in the consumer's system, secure the consumer's consent to place those markets, and permit the consumer to decline to accept such markets. 15. Banks and others offering uninsured on-line financial services should prominently and effectively disclose which services, accounts, or products are not insured by the FDIC. At a minimum, insured and uninsured products should not be offered on the same screen. When linking from an insured to an uninsured product screen, special care must be taken to identify the uninsured nature of the products offered through the link. Providers should test their customer base to evaluate the effectiveness of these disclosers. Regulators should actively enforce these requirements, and should conduct their own tests to evaluate the effectiveness of disclosers. 16. Banks and other FDIC-insured entities should never permit their names to be used by or licensed to uninsured entities, nor to be used by any third party in a fashion that creates an impression that a communication from the third party is from the Bank. 17. Increases in fees and changes in material terms should be accompanied by at least 30 days advance notice. The notice should be sent by a means calculated to actually communicate the information to the customer. Posting information on the bank's web site about new fees or changes in material terms is not sufficient. 18. Providers of on-line financial services should make their contracts available before the customer must give personal financial information and should make those agreements available in a form which the customer can download, print, and retain in a manner that shows what the agreement was when the consumer entered into it. 19. On-line bill payment services, whether or not associated with on-line banking, should clearly disclose on the screen which is used to schedule the payment the date and time that the payment will be sent and whether the payment will be sent electronically or by ordinary mail. 20. On-line financial services providers should use the power of the electronic environment to facilitate more effective consumer discloser and education. 21. On-line banking services should meet the consumer protection and other statutory requirements and restrictions of the consumer's home state. 22. Disputes arising from on-line banking and bill payment should be resolved promptly, and should be at least as prompt as the voluntary time frame of not more than five business days to re-credit disputed funds which have been developed for debit cards. 23. If an arbitration clause is used, it should permit the consumer to choose whether to agree to arbitration after the dispute arises, and should provide fair, cost-effective procedures for the consumer. 24. On-line bill payment services should not impose an earlier time for stop payments than the time the payment could be stopped if it were made by check. 25. Financial services providers who use electronic mail to communicate with their customers should provide two-way 26. Customers wishing to close their accounts should be able to do so with an instantaneous electronic transfer of funds to another designated account 27. On-line banking contracts contain to provision presuming that a consumer is in receipt of information simply because the bank has sent or posted met information. 6. 9 Types of online banking: The common assumption is that Internet banking is the only method of online banking. However, this is not strictly the case, as several types of services are currently available: PC Banking- The forerunner to Internet banking has been around since the late 1980's and is still widely used today. Individual banks provide software which is loaded on to an SME's office computer. The SME can then access their bank account via a modem and telephone link to the bank. Access is not necessarily via the Internet. Internet Banking- Using a Web browser, a user can access their account, once the bank's application server has validated the user's identity. Digital TV Banking- Using the standard digital reception equipment (set top box and remote control); users can access their bank account. Abbey national and HSBC services are available via digital TV providers. One of its main selling points is that no account details are transmitted via the World Wide Web. Text phone Banking- HSBC has introduced this service to allow customers with text phones to check their balance, pay bills and transfer money. Internet banking can be split into two distinct groups: Traditional banks and building societies use the internet as an add-on service with which to give businesses access to their accounts. 6. 10 Critical evaluation of online banking 6. 10. 1 Advantages of Online Banking For consumers ? The privacy of customers. ? Online services are available for consumers 24 hours daily during the whole week. ? Customers might save time and efforts of doing their finance transactions. ? It will be easy for them to view all information they need clearly and simply. ? Searching of any branch of a bank will be accessibly by online users. For Banks ? One way of attracting more customers is to use their services. Increasing the bank's reputation around the world is well known by many people. ? It doesn't need to employ lots of suffer or bankers to deal with customers directly. ? Banks can deal simply with their branches all over the world with one network. 6. 10. 2 Disadvantages of Online Banking For c onsumers ? Some people feel uncomfortable to provide their passwords or any kind of information about their funds over the internet. ? Some websites might be difficult for consumers for the first time to check their finance. ? It is possible for banks to update their websites, which needs from consumers to type in again their data. ? It is necessary to have knowledge and skills on using the Internet. For Banks Banks may require big amount of money to establish a website with attractive features. ? They may lose their information if the network broke with other branches. ? Hacking and viruses will cause problems for online banking, which could broke and damage the information or 6. 11 Channels of Online Banking There are so many channels of online banking to get the online operation accomplished within a few branches of a bank in banking sector. 1. Wide area network (WAN): 2. WAN by radio link (Communication using Radio Frequency): By introducing Radio Link communication network WAN can be set up between Head office and branch office. It is a point-to-point communication network, which uses radio frequency. Radio frequency of that particular bandwidth should take the approval from Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB). WAN through Radio linking provides 11 mbps bandwidth. 3. WAN by V-set (Very small Aperture Terminal): Online communication between two single nodes VSAT can be installed. For this, a fixed amount of fees is to be paid to the satellite company for renting bandwidth each year. 4. WAN by optical fiber backbone line: â€Å"WAN† can be set up by installing a switch consisting 72 Fiber Optic port at the place of Main Server that can make a connection directly with the Commercial Bank's Head Office server by putting the Optic Fiber Line but this is very difficult and expansive. Data can be transferred and received through a continuous speed. It costs near about TK. 90 million that is lower than the VSAT connection. 5. WAN by T&T leased line: These are simple copper wire leased lines provided by T&T. These connections are the most cost effective solution and provide sufficient data transmission speed up to 19. 2 kilobytes (kbps). 6. 12 The major types of business models are: |Brokerage |Advertising | |Infomediary |Merchant | |Manufacturer |Affiliate | |Community |Utility | Each type of those business models has individual way to be used by any business. For example. Brokerage model depends on helping both sellers and buyers with their transitions. Brokers charge for fees of doing transactions depending on the value of business. This model can be business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) and consumer-to-business (C2B). Advertising is another kind of business models that operates with web advertising such as creating banners of the business. Infomediary model is used by a business interested in having information about consumers and products. Online banking follows the merchant type as a business model to generate its revenue. They sell services and products such as loans, credit cards and other facilities against gaining charges and interests or commissions. It seems to be similar as traditional banks with its business model of operating their income but with electronic services it could be more simple and faster than traditional methods. This kind of model can be business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C). This means that online banks can provide and help consumers with loans, paying bills, opening accounts, credit cards and other services. Furthermore, online banking can offer certain services for businesses with the loans that invested in such projects . 13. Current Banking Security System Security is a vital issue for all financial institutions. Banks that provide services to customer must ensure security so those customers are satisfied about bank. In a sense, bank is a business organization so it is also their responsibility to maintain everything securely. Banks also maintain lockers for safekeeping the most important valuable assets of customers. To serve that purpose, bank takes some rent from customer; the same rule exists for safekeeping money, which will be also discussed in this chapter. To ensure the E-banking, there are some security principles that have to be provided by Banks. Because there are many transactions occurring in electronic media, so without securing the banking activities banks cannot run. Security principles are: 01. Authentication Authentication is the process by which two parties involved in a dialogue are given a guarantee that they are indeed interacting with whom they think they are interacting. Authentication might be from both sides- server authentication and client authentication. 02. Confidentiality Confidentiality deals with protecting the contents of message or data transmitted over the Internet from unauthorized people. For example, one wants to protect his/her credit card information when he/she purchases over the Internet. 03. Integrity Data integrity is related to preventing data from being modified by an attacker. For Instance, only the credit card number is protected while the contents of the order (online) are not. Then, the attacker could potentially modify your order while it is being transmitted over the network by adding or deleting contents from the order or even changing the delivery address. 04. Availability It is also important to guarantee that authentic users of an e-banking site expect to get his service when he needs it. Sometimes an attacker might set up a program that continuously attempts to be authenticated by the bank. But the authentication will repeatedly fail. However, attacker would occupy precious resources of the site. These resources become unavailable to the legitimate customers of the bank. 05. Non-repudiation Non-repudiation is an attribute of secure systems that prevents the sender of a message from denying having sent it. This might very costly for e-businesses such as online trading which want to ensure that a customer will not be able to deny having requested to buy or sell securities. 7. 0 Online Banking in Bangladesh Foreign Banks: 7. 1 HSBC in Bangladesh The HSBC Asia Pacific group represents HSBC in Bangladesh. HSBC opened its first branch in Dhaka on 17th December 1996, to provide personal banking services, trade and corporate services, and custody services. Through a lobal network linked by advanced technology, including a rapidly growing e-commerce capability, HSBC provides a comprehensive range of financial services: personal, commercial, corporate, investment and private banking; trade services; cash management; treasury and capital markets services; insurance; consumer and busines s finance; pension and investment fund management; trustee services; and securities and custody services. HSBC is fully on line banking & without any hesitation I can say one thing that they are providing best services for the customers rather than the other foreign banks. Hexagon: Hexagon is an electronic Banking system through which HSBC group customers have access to information about their relationship with the group and may transact their business. The HSBC group recognizes that in order to maintain and enhance its position as a global financial service organization, it must continue to provide and promote a sophisticated global electronic banking system to both existing and new group customers. Hexagon may be used by small and medium sized businesses, large corporate, institute high net worth individuals and retail customers. The HSBC group is committed to the success and Hexagon and has allocated significant TSV and business resources to its development, management and marketing. Hexagon is run from three electronic banking computers (EBCs) is Hong Kong (HK), Buffalo (US) and Great Britain (UK), with links to group systems such as HUB and TREATS. The main features of Hexagon The products and services offered by hexagon to customer include: |Current account information |(CA) CA A1 | |Saving account information |(SA) SA A1 | |Loan account information |(LN) LN AI | |Credit care information |(CC) CC A1 | |Funds transfers (PA and TR) |PA/TR Payments | |Transfers Foreign exchange (FX) |FX A1 | |Time deposits (TD) |TD A1 | |Trade services | | |Imports and exports |IM/EX Report writer | |Documentary credits |DC import | The main benefits of Hexagon Hexagon gives customers direct access to there account 24 hours a day, 365 days a year from any where in the world. Benefits for customer include ? Increase in business efficiency ? Flexibility- the system may be tailored to the needs or particular customers; ? Easy to use, training is simple and no sophisticated equipment is required. 7. 2 Standard Chartered Bank Standard Chartered Bank’s online banking service is known as â€Å"I-Banking†. I-Banking offer the convenience of managing and controlling ones banking and finances – whenever he wants to, wherever it’s needed. I-Banking is convenient, simple and secure. I-Banking: Standard Chartered Bank’s I-Banking facility is simple and secure and it’s absolutely free of charge! With I-Banking, one can access any of the basic banking services he requires, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a years. I-Banking offers the following range of online service. Which makes the client’s banking accessible anytime and from anywhere. I-Banking includes the following services. ? Account services ? Fund transfers ? Payments ? Card services. ? Personal update Private Banks: 7. 3 Eastern Bank Ltd. Online Banking: Flex [email  protected] is the Internet banking solution that delivers the Corporate, Consumer and Investment Banking products to bank’s customers over the net. EBL’s Internet Banking module is a secure, robust and extensible web banking solution. It is anchored on a reusable component framework that complies with industry standards. Customers will be able to transfer funds, inquired balance, and request for chequebook, pay utility bills on-line etc. Internet Banking: EBL Internet banking application addresses the needs of small, individual and corporate account holders of the bank. This application provides a comprehensive range of banking services that enable the customer to meet most of their banking requirements over the net. List of Transactions: 1. Account Operations and Inquiries 2. Fund Transfers and Payments 3. Utility Bill payment 4. Deposits 5. Loans 6. Inquires and other services 7. Session Summary Deposits: ? Maintain deposits ? Request for rollover of deposits ? Request for premature closure of deposits Loans: ? Loan application requests ? Initiate part of full payment of loan ? View schedules of loan payments Inquiries and other services: ? Interest Rates inquiry ? Foreign Exchange Rates Inquiry ? Messages & Bulletins ? Internet Banking ? Product information ? Change password EBL with new ICT Infrastructure features: Essentially, EBL was not in a well-connected situation. Data communication was limited to secluded offices in a very limited fashion. EBL now is a different scenario. EBL HO is now connected with the branches all around Bangladesh. Here is a breakdown of what the data communication infrastructure looks like today: ? High Speed DDN and Radio Link connectivity between Branches and the Head Office ? Local Area Network (LAN)- providing data network connectivity at the Head Office and the Branches. ? Metropolitan Are Network (MAN)- connecting the DHK branches with HO, CTG branches with Agrabad and SYL branches with Chouhatta. ? Wide Area Network (WAN)- enabling the data network circle between Head Office and the Branches. ? Solid foundation over data and network security implementation. EBL Banking Benefits: Flex cube banking software automated in all branches of EBL has the adaptability for incorporating the delivery channels like, Internet Banking, Tele-Banking, ATM/POS, Home Banking, Wireless Access Protocol, Call Centre are all superb services which a customer can avail in due course. EBL’s repertoire of hardware is highly sophisticated; as no other banks in Bangladesh have availed this are recent times. The combination of hardware will help consolidate the backbone for the plethora of services provided to the customers by the Bank for the years to come. Moreover, EBL, country wish bade farewell to the lackluster range of hardware, which were in use over the year. ? Anywhere 24 hours ( 7 days banking ? Internet banking, Tele banking and ATM/POS ? One Stop Shop for all you banking need. ? Significantly reduced time in banking transactions Sophisticated customer information at the fingertips and can be provided anytime. ? Online Inter-branch Transfer ? Any Branch pay order Syste m ? Digital Signature/photo image while transacting ? Display Customers Balance, Transactions, and Statements online. ? Automatic Sweep in & out ? Locker Service Availability ? EBL 5 to 9 Extended Service ? Bill payment o Utility Service Bill o Tuition Fees o Mobile Phone Bills ? Versatile Products availability ? Fast Cash ? Fast Loan ? Auto Loan ? Consumer Loans ? High Performance Account ? Savings Insurance Account ? Monthly Income Plan ? Monthly Deposit Plan. Visa Electronic online debit card EBL Introduces the Visa Electron online debit card: Unique Features: 1. With EBL via Electron you can now draw cash from the Q-cash ATM network, 24 hours a day through out the year. No need to carry excess cash in you wallet. Your card is electronically linked to your EBL account. 2. EBL Visa Electron is also accepted at Visa merchants with Electronic P. O. S Visa Symbol, where you can pay for merchandise and services. 3. Acceptance- hassle free acceptance at network of Q-cash ATMs currently 10 and to be expanded up to 50 by July 204 and approximately 100 POS deployed in major cities. 4. Photo card- Displays your photo & signature on front of your card for enhanced security. 7. 4 Prime Bank Ltd. Online Branch Banking (Any Branch Banking) The Bank has set up a Wide Area Network (WAN) across the country to provide online branch banking facility to its valued clients. Under the Scheme, clients of any branch shall be able to do banking transaction at other branches of the bank. Under this system a client will to be able to do following type of transactions: ? Cash withdrawal from his/her account at any branch of the Bank irrespective or location. ? Cash deposit in/he account at any branch of the Bank irrespective of location. ? Cash deposit in other’s account at any branch of the Bank irrespective of location. ? Transfer of money from his/her account with any branch of the Bank. Any amount can be deposited or transferred under Prime Line. In the system, however, at present there is a limit for cash withdrawal through bearer or by account holder himself. Online Branch Banking Service: Is designed to serve its valued clients. Under this system, you shall be able to do the following type of transactions: ? Cash withdrawal from you account at any branch of the Bank. ? Deposit in you account at any Branch of the Bank. ? Transfer of money from you account to any other account with any Branch of the Bank. One Stop Utility Service Scheme Like any other country of the world, the people living in the urban areas of our country lead a very busy life. Time is very valuable to them. Despite this, they are to waste their valuable time at the counter of different Banks and other Institutions for payment of their monthly bills of different utility services like Electricity, Telephone, Water, and Gas etc. They, as such, face enormous difficulties for payment of their monthly bills in time. Such inconveniences of the urban people can be removed by making a management to collect all the bills of various utility services at One Point. Scope of Services: With this end in View, Prime Bank Limited has introduced a scheme entitle â€Å"One Stop Utility Services Scheme†. The scheme is designed to provide all the required services to the customer in making payment of their following bills on their behalf from the counter of the Bank: ? To pay Electricity Bills ? Cash deposit in his/her account at any branch of the Bank irrespective of location. Cash deposit in other’s account at any branch of the Bank irrespective of location. ? Transfer of money from his/her a ccount with any branch of the Bank. ? Any amount can be deposited or transferred under Prime Line. In the system, however, at present there is a limit for cash withdrawal through bearer or by account holder himself. Main features of Master Card Credit: ? Prime bank ensure high level of security by inserting your photograph on the card. ? 20 to 50 day’s credit from the data of transaction. When you receive you monthly statement, you can either choose to pay in full or just minimum due amount shown on the statement. No interest in charged if you pay in full within payment due date. 24 hours a day, 365 days world wide service. ? No joining/administrative fees. ? Waiver of annual fees for International Card: If you accumulate 20,000 Prime Bank Bonus Point for you Gold Card or 10,000 Bonus Point for you Silver Card in a year then you enjoy our Card without fees ($1 purchase: 1 Bonus). ? Waiver of annual fee for Local Card: If you accumulate 10,000 Prime Bank Bonus Point for you Go ld Card or 8,000 Bonus Point for you Silver Card in a year then you enjoy our Card without fees (Tk. 50/- purchase: 1 Bonus Point). ? The Highest Prime Bank Bonus Point holder can enjoy free air ticket Dhaka-Bankok-Dhka. (Business Class) ? Cash advance facilities. 1, 39, 00,000 locations accept Master Card worldwide. Facilities available wide the card: The card can be used for: a. Making payments to Merchants against purchase of all goods and services by the Cardholder from Merchant(s); and b. Availing Cash Advances: i. From any of PBL Branches or any member of Master Card of any Merchant authorized to make Cash Advances; as may be agreed upon by PBL or ii. By the use of the Card on any ATM of PBL or of Master Card. Subject to these terms and conditions and in compliance with such requirements, PBL, any Merchant or Master card may impose limitations and procedures as from time to time. 8. Role of Government This is particularly important for countries like Bangladesh where very little has been done in development these technologies and skills to promote and support online banking. The government can take the following policies to promote online banking in our country: 1. The intergovernmental agreement for harmonizing the rules and regulations that can help in smooth transformation of the world economy and expansion of a unified world market. 2. The regulations should simply foster competition, protect intellectual property and privacy, and prevent fraud to do businesses under whatever terms they agree upon. An international uniform commercial code is needed to simplify and encourage electronic commerce under consistent rules and rights. 3. Govt. an undertake perfect initiatives to construct feasible, platform of information technology within affordable capacity. Financial allocation should be more widen for global standard banking technology. 4. Adequate number of bank employee will ha ve both computer and banking aptitude and cognizance, suitable in the banking perspective to improve the banking sector. 5. â€Å"Tele-communication† sector is pre-conditions to make fastest online banking services. Unfortunately a tale-communication service of govt. is yet to reach to remote and rural area. 6. Frequent inflow of information technology in the shape of broad band internet access, sub-marine optical fiber utility processed, might be patronized by govt. apidly to step ahead in respect to information technology for enhancement of blessing of on line banking. As well, this linkage of internet service will be encouraging for implementation of online banking in Bangladesh. 7. A project of â€Å"software development† should be under process to continue the function of banking software and expertise of banking network. Thus, banks and bankers enjoy creating creditable, demanding and world standard services for the shake of greater interest of nation and economy . 9. Conclusion The main objective of this term paper was to come up with a feasible proposal for implementing nationwide E-banking as well as ensure security. To ensure security we proposed some of the security features that need to be implemented in various levels of the proposed infrastructure like application level security, IP level security, user level authentication as well as employee level authentication as it is very much needed to keep track who is responsible for transferring money from one account to another account. We have analyzed the problems of existing system and shown that our proposed system can overcome most of the existing problems: Currently in our country accessing and transferring fund from remote area is a difficult and time-consuming task. Naturally it now takes 3 to 25 days. The key point is to note that the fund to be transferred is kept idle for the delay period. The proposed framework very clearly shows that it is a huge loss of money when considered collectively. So, it gains a remarkable save both for the customers and banks. Letter of Credit (L/C) is an important service of a bank. It is directly involved in foreign trade. The more efficient and cost-effective the L/C operation is the better opportunity comes for foreign trade affairs which is a prime factor to escalate the national economy. Basically an L/C operation comprises of a number of sequential steps. Information Passing required for an L/C operation is now done by foreign courier services like DHL, FedEx etc. It requires much time compared with the electronic transaction. Moreover, an amount of TK 1000/= (on an average) is spent per L/C. Proposed online transaction system cuts down this charges almost to zero. It contributes a lot when a large number of L/C is considered (i. e. total no. Of L/C of a branch in a year). At the same time due to reduced processing time it increases the no. of L/C transaction. It is very frustrating to note that now few banks deceives the Central Bank by giving a wrong calculation of its total deposit. So, they deposit less money as CCR to the Central Bank. In our proposed infrastructure, the Central Bank is given the supreme mandate for any required information from any bank at any time without delay. It removes the risk of escaping or misleading the deposit of proper CCR amount. As a result Bangladesh Bank would be properly benefited. CIB (Credit Information Bureau) generation is another important factor especially for inland trading loan. Currently the process of CIB report generation is very complicated and time-consuming. Proposed system maintains an integrated database with his past transactions record. So it becomes a matter of few clicks and prints to generate CIB report. Besides faster computation it also assures that the information is authentic and updated. Another important factor for banking services is updating foreign exchange rate. Now each day the Central Bank announces the rates. Each bank gets information on an interval of 30 minutes. It ensures some sort of unexpected loss/profit for both banks and customers. The suggested system maintains a complete connectivity among all banks so the foreign exchange rate is always updated at each bank. 10. Recommendations As this research-based study on the â€Å"Online banking† lets me a provision to come to the closest contract of the original plot of this banking system. There are some recommendations to improvise the On-line banking in our country. 1) Autonomous Banking culture, reducing dependence on manual service, should be in abundance irrespective of govt. and non-Govt. rganization in association with ‘SWIFT’ to bring about the whole banking service for massive well being of people. 2) The report of taskforce with the title of â€Å"Banking sector reform† committee with 21 major clauses on score of extinction of horrendous and problem some context that usurps our banking sector, has elaborately expressed the imminent enactment of suggestions of taskforce for the be