Apple Inc. Strategic Management

Case 10: Apple Computer and Steve P. Jobs (2006) Issue/Problem Identification 1. Apple is known to provide customers with a personal computer revolution that is easy-to-use machine. It was founded in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. Apple was a success at the beginning period of its production due to marketing and technological innovation and the company has invented. Apple grew quickly as the development of the products increases and the revenue continued to grow. Apple’s business strategy is to focus its products on differentiation by providing a unique product that is impossible to clone and charges its products at a premium price.In 1983, Apple faced a difficulty because PC entered the market and was marketing their products at a low price to its consumers taking some of Apple’s consumers. About two years later, Job resigned and John Sculley became the CEO and Chairman of Apple. With Sculley taking over, Apple increased its sales in the 1990s and was selling mo re personal computers than any other companies until PCs using Microsoft Windows started to dominate the market. In 1997, Job was replaced back as the CEO and brought its products back to success. 2.One of the major overriding issues in this case deals with the management team. The CEO of Apple was continuingly changing. The result of shifting CEO made Apple unstable. The company was successful at the beginning of the business and after a few years when a new CEO took over, it was faced with a couple issues, and the CEO was replaced once again to bring Apple back to the competitive market. Another major issue to the case includes the late filing of the quarterly report. Apple was warned by NASDAQ of their possibly delisting.Because Apple was having difficulty with their options accounting, the company took more time to figure out what to report for their third quarter. Yet, Apple was not the only company that faced this issue. More than 7,300 companies were also faced with the same issue. 3. The continuingly changing of CEO and the delisting from NASDAQ exchange were not the only two issues that Apple faced. Other related issues include the stock option investigation, the laptop batteries, and making iTunes and iPod player a compatible music player.In 2006, Apple faced an issue on the investigation of irregularities related to the company’s issuance of stock options. The shares of stock fell 3 percent and the investigation was performed. Another related issue was the recall of 1. 8 million laptop batteries. Apple was not the only company who recalled their product; Dell was also faced with the same issue. Furthermore, iTunes was the source that allowed customers to download music if they are using an iPod. IPod was not compatible with any other music player except for iTunes; that created an issue because it limited the customer’s source of downloading music.Stakeholder Analysis and Management Evaluation 1. The stakeholders in this case are Steve Jobs and the other CEO of Apple, the customers, the employees, and the government. Steve Jobs, the co-founder of Apple, and the rest of the CEO have a hope of earning income from the company. Customers from all over the world purchase products from Apple. As for the employees of Apple, the company cannot function without its employees and these employees receive income from the company.Another stakeholder is the government. Apple has to pay license fees and the government has regulatory authority over the company. 2. The central management decisions were effective at a certain period of time. The company is basely run by Steve Jobs. When Jobs created Apple, the business was a success. After he resigned and passed the CEO position to someone else, the company continued to do well for awhile, but faced a downfall at a point until Jobs came back for the CEO position again.When Jobs was the CEO, the management decisions were effective because the company was creating revenues and the p roducts were attracting to customers. As competitors started to sell similar products, Apple was faced with a few issues since the company chose to differentiate its products by selling its product at a premium price. For Apple to sell its products at a premium price, it must be a trusted and well-known brand. As it is obvious today, Apple has created many loyalty customers. Recommendations and Implementation 1.In order for Apple to create more revenues and continue to stay in business, Apple’s management team should not only depend on Steve Jobs. The management team must work as a team and make sure that the company can still be successful without Steve Jobs. It is true that because of Steve Jobs, Apple has become a successful company but Steve Jobs is not going to be with Apple forever and the management team must take that into consideration and be able to carry on the business without Steve Jobs. 2. Some alternatives include developing new products every so often to attra ct consumers. Also Case Study will describe why Apple Inc. is a very successful company.Apple is already good at doing this because it is always renovating its products in many different ways whether it is a Mac Book, an iPod, or an iPad to attract its customers and keeping up with the society. This alternative is good for both long-term and short-term. People will continue to trust that the brand is still attracting. 3. Some of the implementation that should be considered is to hire the right people to work for the company; people that will bring new ideas to the company. Because Apple is always developing new products, the company should also continue to ensure that the quality of the products is at its highest level.

African Cinema

African cinema is inaccurate to be tagged as a â€Å"national cinema† for Africa has more than 50 states. The interaction of these nations with European countries, with the exception of some parts of the South Africa and other Mediterranean countries like Morocco, Egypt, Algeria, and Tunisia, paved for the development of film-making (Abrams, Bell, and Udris, 2001).In fact, not until 1980s, the government of the African nations failed to show compassion for the film-making which resulted to the inability to produce film that is indigenous to their own culture. This reluctance for film making was largely attributed to the prevalence of socio-political problems including drought, famine, peace and order, and the foreign debts to western countries.Consequently, the commonly referred as â€Å"Black African Cinema† was actually dominated by the European and American firms in its early period. On the other hand, as rituals and spiritual beliefs are typical to African societies , the film directors used this aspect to convey socio-political messages to the African viewers.Brief HistoryThe first initiative for the development of the Black African film-making was realized in 1966 through the creation of Film Festivals in Carthage, Tunisia and in 1969 during the Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso (Abrams, Bell, and Udris, 2001).These events farmed out for funds necessary for the indigenous film-making which eventually called for the Black African film-making pioneers like Paulin Vieyra, Oumarou Ganda, Med Hondo, Desire Ecare, and Ousmane Sembene, the father of African film.This group of film-makers was influenced by the European liberal movements like Italian neorealism and Soviet Montage Theory in producing thematic films on colonialism in African nations. Further, in 1970s-1980s, as these film-makers continue to explore the past of African nations, they progressively tackled the imperialism and colonialism themes in their film production (Abrams, Bell, and Udris, 2001).However, not only the inadequate film production has impeded the growth of film-making but also the lack of distributing networks for the local film produced. Thus, the public has continuously patronized the foreign films supplied mainly by the North American and European countries.Meanwhile, despite the influx of European and American influences, the thriller and comedy genres along with the western influences like Cameroun and Nigeria have slowly sprouted in several African regions. As such, the thematic creation of time and space like magical works of the characters in â€Å"Sarraounia† and â€Å"Emitai†, and narration or oral story-telling techniques like in â€Å"Ceddo† were employed and integrated in film production (Abrams, Bell, and Udris, 2001).These techniques specifically the time and space narration were absorbed by the succeeding generation of Black African Directors including Souleymane Cisse for â€Å"Finye† and â€Å"Yeelen†, and Indrisaa Ouedraogo for â€Å"Yaaba† and â€Å"Tila’i† (Abrams, Bell, and Udris, 2001).In addition, while the nationality of other film-makers such as Sarah Maldoror and Haile Gerima was questioned, they were called as diaspora figures for they were able to integrate the world problems on slavery in the African films.The aforementioned films signified the progress of photographic quality brought by the Burkina Faso’s modern technical facilities. As well, the universality of the themes like in â€Å"Tilai† projected the culture where it was patterned after. The theme of â€Å"Tilai† was an exploration of Burkina Faso’s cultural inquiries.That is, as traveler returns to his town, his father has taken the woman of his affection which eventually leads an affair between the traveler and his stepmother. The cultural questions, adaptation, and its relevance to fast-changing society are the crucial themes in the African Cinema.For instance , a South African film concerning homosexuality was presented in the 1995 Ouagadougou Festival and received a mass walkout from the African viewers (Abrams, Bell, and Udris, 2001).Hence, the most formidable dilemma faces by the African film-maker is the cultural and moral issues in the cinema. This menace could be alleviated through a continuous cooperation with the diaspora and other black film-makers abroad.Yeelen Synopsis and AnalysisIn the â€Å"Yeelen†, which means brightness, of Souleymane Cisse, Niankoro who is a native Bambara leaved his mother’s custody and went for a spiritual enlightenment quest. On his way, his father who abandoned them for a long period of time was in incessant chase after him for his sexuality and magical powers.Then, an ancient cosmos in the verge of death was reborn and hindered Niankoro’s will in putting off the spiritual contrivances of his father. The malicious Soma, as expecting the final battle between him and his son and to several patriarchal conflicts, said that in order to ensure success, one must learn betrayal.Meanwhile, King Rouma Boll wanted Attou, his wife, to bear a child through the magical powers of Niankoro. But Niankoro’s penis deceived him and impregnated Attou. Instead of taking vengeance against Niankoro and Attou, the king gave freely his wife to the magician.On the other hand, the mother-son relationship in the movie was portrayed by the bathing of Niankoro’s mother while praying for his safety. This scene evoked an African mother who is self-abnegation dependent (Diwara, 1988).The film started with a rising sun scene with the appearance of the burning of a live chicken. Then, a boy came into the scene that brought a wooden statue with a goat. In another setting, Soma performed a ritual with a chicken and set it on fire.The scene with the sacred objects, the wooden statue, and the pan over the Wing of Kore, foreshadowed the various secrets in the movie. The repeated app earance of these objects in the scenes denoted their crucial roles in decoding the secrets in the whole movie. With these, Cisse encouraged the viewer to take an active role in the interpretation, analysis, and discovery of each symbolic thing.In line with this, the scene of confronting two groups of warriors with a close-up scene of a knife positioned the midst of the three parallel lines on the ground and ended with the two bodies of opposing warriors implied the holiness of the men as well as the ritual objects.As similar to the spectator warriors, the viewers tend focus on the event to decode it. As the opposing warriors push one another towards the outer lines, the meaning of the ritual remained in secrecy. In addition, the trouble of one spectator warrior in controlling his horse showed his overwhelming interest for the outcome of the duel while the viewers’ anxiety to decode the mystery of the ritual rises.When one of the warriors became victorious, his group chased th e loser’s flock. This denoted the African sense of collectivism; a single individual fight for the entire group (Diwara, 1988). After losing, the warrior took the knife on the ground and committed suicide.At this point, the mystery of the ritual is revealed; the duel is a matter of life and death and the loser warrior must take responsibility for the shame and failure.As the ritual was demystified, the scene then has incited the emotion of the viewer on the consequences of the duel. In these scenes, Cisse tried to persuade every African to look deeply into the root of their culture and avoid comparison with the western culture.Although â€Å"Yeelen† is an African film, the movie tackled universal themes such as spiritual struggles and other premises of native religion. As well, the film has Oedipal and Eden-like overtones. Further, Cisse depicted the film’s Bambara natives and magical powers by means of an Albino and a dog walking backward (Diwara, 1988).Moreove r, a Hollywood movie with a character similar to Yeelen can hardly be found. Cisse tried to reveal the non-linearity of the Bambara’s belief; their religious belief is always moving back to the initial â€Å"brightness† that created the world. As the film begun with the scene of the red-shining sun, it ended with Attou with her son lifting the buried two egg-like objects in the desert.Hence, the director of Yeelen showed the cosmos’ rise, fall, and rebirth in parallel with deep respect and understanding on the shape of things.As both Soma and Niankoro were perished in the end, Attou’s son denoted the hope for renewal. The film also addressed the corruption and oppression in the African nations and portrayed the psychological aspects by means of the social experiences of the African society.Furthermore, Cisse has shown the political solutions to tyranny and oppression in Africa not through the Western tenets of democratic ideals but by means of a political inspiration from the past political experiences of Africans. Also, Cisse equqted his magical realism in the movie to the Western’s scientific realism in their science-fiction movies. African Cinema The art of film making was introduced in Africa in 1920’s but it was after almost 40 years that the surfacing of African film makers came into play. It was also during those times that the films reflected the social and the political realities to the Africans who were in the verge of attaining independence from their colonizers.The themes were usually centered on nation building and the slashing down of colonial oppression.To start off with a analyzing the differences and the influences of the colonial and post-independent film making, it is wise to describe the previous film making scenes.   The film making industry scenario was highly influenced with the highlight of colonial sensibility as the main issue, later it then centered more on the stylistic nature of the art and with emphasis on abstraction and lastly, it evolved into the center theme for independence and opinions on the wide spectrum of the effects of colonialism.In the early 1970’s the trend of the film making industry maintained an aggressive approach towards the promotion of sociopolitical freedom from colonial mentalities; but it also showed signs of revolutionary patterns such as the philosophies of communism, socialism and capitalism. Because of these themes that emerge in the African films, this further pushed forth for the exploration of various political systems and ideologies that gave rise to the Third World Cinema.In the book by Teshome H. Gabriel entitled Third Cinema in the Third World – The Aesthetics of Liberation describe the ideas of Third Cinema as the perfect marriage of filmic experiences such as style and ideology.   Ã‚  He even went further by expressing the motives behind the production of the African movies as a way to express their ideologies towards various social issues and at the same time put forth a consciousness to the audience; in short these African film makers are activist rather than artists.The main characteristics of films created by th e new wave of African film makers and writers, is the painting of the wide contradiction between the political independence and the society’s present structure that they inherited from colonial influences.Moreover, there are also the issues of running the state with bilingual orientations and the crossings that their culture has to endure further with the coexistence of different patterns of life in a single society.Aside from this political weight, the direction of the African film making pointed out to Islam and how it thrived despite the domineering effects of foreign colonialism, and it is even more interesting to note that the religion spreads faster than independence.During the African colonial years, film making did not center much on the emphasis of religion and its cultural effects and in fact this even went as far as manifestations of anti religious claims in the industry; however, this change with the rise of contemporary post colonial film making.Other characteris tics cited in this new type of movies is the revival of the connection between social opinion and social inclusion, that means to say that the protagonist in these stories are mostly social inclusion done in a narrative manner.African directors used the films that they create in order to inculcate the culture of change; mostly these films shows the connection and the effects of the pre-colonial, the colonial and the post colonial societies in Africa.

About Tun Mahathir

They were married in August 1956. They were given seven children that is Marina (now known as Datin Paduka Marina), Mirzan, Melinda, Mokhzani (now known as Datuk Mohzani), Mukriz (now known as Datuk Mukriz), Maizura and Mazhar. Tun Dr. Mahathir was opened his own clinic with Dr. Siti Hasmah at Jalan Tunku Ibrahim, Alor Setar. The clinic was named MAHA. It was the first malay clinic in Kedah. The clinic was opened after his contract with the government expired. He was appointed as Chairman of first Higher Education Council 1968, Member of the Higher Education Advisory Council in 1972, Member of The University Court and University of Malaya Council, and Chairman of the National University Council in 1974 because of his deep interest in education. When he be the Minister Of Education, he planning formation of Maktab Rendah Sains Mara (MRSM) and also give more opportunity to malay student for continuing their study at the institute of Higher Education. Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad was appointed as Deputy Prime Minister when Tun Hussein Onn was third Prime Minister of Malaysia. As he be the Education Minister, Dr Mahathir was promoted to be the ministry of Trade and Industry in 1978. He also the Chairman of Investment Committee of the cabinet. On July 16, 1981, Dr Mahathir was appointed as fourth Prime Minister at age of 55 because the third Prime Minister, Tun Hussein Onn resign because of health problem. He was called â€Å"Father of Modernisation in Malaysia† and was the longer leader that lead Malaysia from 16 July 1981 until 31 October 2003. Dr Mahathir was the first Prime Minister that not been educate in Britain. During be the Prime Minister, he changed global perception of Malaysia. During 22 years leading Malaysia, many progresses and development he done. Dr Mahathir had been control the world economy when it was downturn. The mission that he plan and target always getting the target. Dr Mahathir has changed the basic economic sectors of the country from an agricultural based to an industrial-based country. In early 1980, Dr Mahathir decided to various dependence on commodities. Moreover, he had introduced Malaysia Incorporated Policy where Malaysia were assumed as the company and the people as the employees and the shareholders. Dr. Mahathir was managed a mega project he trigger that is Multimedia Super Corridor(MSC). This project realized by Dr Mahathir because he was interest in information and communications technology (ICT) in today’s commercial world and the future. Among the mega projects that he developed when being a ‘CEO’ Malaysia is Kuala Lumpur International Airpot (KLIA), Jalil National Stadium, the Sepang International Circuit, a prestigious motorsport racing, Formula One and the Petronas Twin Towers. Over 22 years, Dr Mahathis led Malaysia, Malaysia was being to the arena of excellence. As a developing country and a leading Islamic country Malaysia getting success and being recognized to the world.

Human Surroundings influence the buildings Essay

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India Inflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

India Inflation - Essay Example High rates of inflation can have serious consequences for the economy in general. Therefore, for governments all over the world, reducing movements of prices to a minimum is seen as a primary economic objective. A wide variety of economic literature deals with the effects of inflation. The most widely discussed outcome of inflation is unemployment. In price-sensitive markets, rising prices result in businesses losing sales and thus reduced turnover. This ultimately affects employment as the firms engage in cutting manpower labor to reduce costs. Additionally rising prices during inflation create unrest amongst labor. Inflation encourages employees to demand higher wages in order to maintain their current living standards. The worst hit during inflation is the fixed income groups like pensioners. An increase in wages during inflation can fuel an additional increase in product prices. This results in a vicious circle of increased wages further increasing prices which in turn would push up the wages again. In economic terms, this 'wage/prices inflationary spiral' can have disastrous effects on any economy. (Worthington & Britton, 1997) Depreciation in the monetary value results in falling purchasing power and wipes out the past savings.

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3 year personal development plan in nursing - Outline Example Within one year, the outcome should be evident in my communication and patient-care skills. The confidence gained will pave way for me to expand my professional network in the second year. This will be achieved through participating in at least one professional development program in a quarter, thus improving on my organisational commitment and job-satisfaction as noted by Turner (2007). This would also provide knowledge on the practice in other different nursing fields, including mental health nursing. Still in my second year, I will seek to develop academically. Thus, I will enrol for part-time postgraduate diploma course specialising in adult nursing which will take me two years, up to the third year of my development plan. I will apply for a scholarship from the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) so as to subsidise on the cost implication. Accomplishing this course will expand my knowledge on patient care and further on ethical issues around nursing in general. Therefore, my three year development plan would basically entail professional development and network building and academic

The world wide well known fashion label Mango cooperats with many Essay

The world wide well known fashion label Mango cooperats with many celebrities for its collections. Does this cooperation affect the sales profit of the company - Essay Example But there is always a question about the extra sales these activities actually bring about. Marketing is all about customers. Their behaviour and attitude towards buying a product is of paramount importance. Therefore Marketing is all about understanding the customers and of finding ways and means to for providing product or service as per his requirements. Markets are heterogeneous and are created by reasons of different values, needs wants, constraints, beliefs and incentives. Customers differ in their values and perceptions and want to purchase things that have value for them. Value is not just the monetary part, but also the usefulness and emotions that with go with it. Their need and want play a great role in determining this value. For this reason customer satisfaction has long been considered as the ultimate measure of success for marketers. Organisations that can increase the satisfaction level of their customers can expect profitability in the longer run (Felton 1959; Houston 1986; Webster 1988). Satisfaction is the outcome of customer relationships. This has been explained as antecedents of customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, customer profitability, and a host of other concepts and variables. Customer satisfaction however remains the main concept and concern and has been the foundation of all marketing efforts (Drucker 1954; Levitt 1960; Ames 1970; Gronroos 1989). Measurement of customer satisfaction has always been the main focus of several studies (Myers 1991; Parasuraman et al 1988, 1994; Oliver 1996) as this helps the company to assess and develop marketing strategies that will ensure this satisfaction and creates customer loyalty. Often the customer is acquired for a single sale but it is more important to make him a returning or a lifetime customer. This is considered to be more critical and valuable for a company. Therefore it becomes an important objective, one that is ignored in the initial

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Uae - Assignment Example A service industry comprises of various companies which basically earn income by providing intangible services and products. They are involved in transport, food services, retail, distribution and other service-dominated enterprises. At times, they are called tertiary sectors or service sectors. Strengths Economic strengths The steady oil prices in the country has boosted transport sector to highest levels. Most of the economy revenue comes from the oil industries. For the past few years, according to the country’s statistics, the world market has remained stable favoring service mobility. Transport industry has benefited most from this global market. As a result of this, non-oil sectors have been stimulated thus escalating the disposal revenue of the less performing segments of the entire population. Generally, the country produces up to 22 million barrels of crude oil for export daily. This boosts the country’s economy (Gorgenlnder, 2011). The country also has steady and convertible currency which is pegged to the US dollar with minimal foreign exchange controls. This facilitates easy movement of services from one part to the other. If the global financial crises arise, it has survival tactics to make it productive in the market. Furthermore, UAE has been known for very competitive labour costs and real estates. The country has experienced and readily available work force that provide cheap and quality labor. Most of the work is done by these locals thus low cost of productions. The country’s permissive policies and healthy balance of payments allow free trade movements within and without the country. This allows free flow of services/goods thus boosting the economy (Group, 2008). Geographical strengths The country is strategically located at the Middle East, with very easy contact to not only to Eastern and Middle Eastern markets, but also to South Asia, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia and other markets in the Asian countries. This impl ies that there are ready markets for the manufactured goods and services. Furthermore, the country has well established ports that can access to main sea routes. Most of the trading countries use these ports for exit and entry in transacting businesses. This has made the country to be seen as a pacesetter and a regional leader for development. Commercial strengths According to Gorgenlnder (2011) and Group (2008), the country has open trade zones favorable for business start-ups. Most of the enterprising people can easily nature their talents and explore market opportunities easily. Interestingly, the country has no corporate and personal taxation. Any business start-up has no personal/corporate intimidation in form of taxes. More often than not, most businesses fail due to high taxation and unfavorable work environment. This favor has been extended to other countries; there is no taxation for information exchange. Infrastructural strengths UAE has sophisticated and ultramodern banki ng sectors that provide various services for its rich expatriate clientele. Most financial institutions are furnished with modern facilities which accommodate the needs of the clients. In fact, the banking sector has been privatized to enable quality delivery of services. Also, the country is equipped with IT infrastructure and

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Johnny Cupcakes Essay Example for Free

Johnny Cupcakes Essay Johnny Cupcakes is a multi-million dollar clothing brand. The brand was founded in 2001 by Johnny Earle. One of Johnnys acquired nicknames was Johnny cupcakes. He thought it would be funny to make a couple random shirts that said Johnny Cupcakes on them for the fun of it (Earle, 2012). After massive interest in these shirts, he decided to continue to make more and change up the designs. In 2001, Johnny stated, the band I was in, On Broken Wings, finally got signed to a record label and we began to tour full time (Earle, 2012). This opened up Johnny and his t-shirts to a larger crowd of customers in different parts of the country. This boosted the brands popularity and Johnny decided to quit the band and focus all of his time, effort, and attention on his t-shirts. Johnny ended up going to trade shows in Las Vegas and eventually ended up getting carried by shops in Japan, Europe, and Canada in addition to a few other US locations (Earle, 2012). Johnny had a turning point moment at that very same trade show later on that year. He realized people didnt like having the same things as others and that they enjoyed uniqueness. At this point Johnny made the decision to pull all his shirts from retail stores. Earle 2012 stated that he decided to make all of his t-shirts limited edition and exclusive, only selling them through his website and later on in his own retail stores. As the Johnny Cupcakes brand grew, Johnny opened up stores in Hull, MA; Boston, MA; Las Angeles, CA; and London, England. Johnny states that Above all, Ill continue to focus on enhancing my customers experiences through my stores, events, website, designs, and packaging. I will never ever sell my brand to investors for all the money in the world. I think youll find that things will only get more interesting from here (Earle, 2012). The Johnny Cupcakes brand to some can be described as streetwear. Hundreds, 2011 defines streetwear as a genre of contemporary apparel, united between sportswear and military looks, and is one that speaks to a spectrum of subcultures (skateboarding and hip-hop mostly). Some of Johnny Cupcakes major competitors are also streetwear brands such as Us Versus Them, Reason, Benny Gold, Situationormal, Flying Coffin, Clot, Diamond, Fuct, Alife, The Hundreds, A Bathing Ape, Supreme, and Rebel8 among others. These companies not only produce unique designs and clothing, they have a fan base, and what some might call a cult following. They represent more than just a t-shirt. They differentiate themselves by their designs, material, limited edition collections, and the customer experience. Johnny Cupcakes top products are his limited edition t-shirts, but the company also sells sweatshirts, hats and accessories. One of the things that make JC stand out is their packaging. The supplies the compan y needs and uses are not just clothing/accessory based, but just as important is their packaging. Johnny Cupcakes uses bakery style boxes with their cupcake and crossbones logo on it. The company also uses specially made tissue paper to wrap the bought goodies up in. The tissue paper is also marked with the JC logo. The are two major external factors that greatly influence Johnny Cupcakes as a company and those are the economy and trends. Since Johnny Cupcakes offers luxury items (those items that consumers dont need, but rather want), the economy can play a significant role in their profits. When times are tough, like in an economic recession, the majority of people watch their money more closely. These people may choose to only buy things out of necessity rather than splurge on things they want. Another big obstacle that JC has to stay on top of is the trends of their market. Clothing styles and designs come and go, therefore, Johnny Cupcakes needs to stay at the forefront of what their target market likes otherwise they could easily become extinct. One way JC battles these two external factors is making every shirt limited edition. The limited edition status gives the feel of exclusiveness. People not only crave exclusiveness, but will pay top dollar for it. Because theyre collectibles and not just apparel, customers are willing to pay $60 for a Johnny Cupcakes shirtand even stand in line for a new release like kids waiting for concert tickets (Spaeder 2007). This exclusiveness plays off of our cultures social classes. Most Americans want to be in a better social class. Exclusiveness is a trait that is common in the highest of classes. The limited edition shirts not only sets the standards for someones social status, but also keeps inventory at a low, making sure the products that are produced are sold. Having limited edition shirts erases much of the risks and fears of the changing trends of JCs market. Since there are only a handful of the shirts available, they are long gone before the design and style gets soggy. Also, this allows the company to be very flexible with the changing market. The two major internal factors that impact the organization are how they enhance the customer experience and their product packaging. These are two very important factors that help create the Johnny Cupcakes brand. They are part of the JC culture and without them, the brand wouldnt be what it is today. Part of the customer experience lies in JCs three retail store locations. Theyre set up just like bakeries, complete with glass display shelves, employees wearing aprons and the smell of vanilla frosting in the air (Spaeder 2001). During big releases or setting up weekend pop-up stores, Johnny himself will be there to greet and talk with everyone of the customers that walk through his store. This again is part of the experience and connection he wants his fans to feel when they think of the Johnny Cupcakes brand. Johnny thinks nice packaging sets an experience, a memory, or a safe-keeping that is sometimes just as important as the product itself. I’m a sucker for nice packaging (Earle, 2012). When conducting a SWOT analysis of Johnny Cupcakes, some of the companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats have already been discussed. JCs major strengths are the exclusiveness it personifies by selling limited edition shirts and the customer experience it provides. One of its major weaknesses is the fact that it only has three retail stores and an online store. If it were to grow (and being a multi-million dollar business it has the resources to do this) it could reach more of a customer base and increase not only its fan following, but its sales as well. A huge opportunity that Johnny Cupcakes has is the fact that it has done several successful collaborations with other companies including Nickelodeon and Hello Kitty, which expands its customer and fan base. As with all companies, a threat is competition. If JC can stay authentic to its audience then it will overcome the competition. As stated earlier, since JC is a luxury brand, the economy and trends are another threat. Listening to their market will definitely help subdue these threats. One of Johnny Cupcakes biggest resources and assets are its customers. Johnny Cupcakes has not only been able to acquire customers, but also fans and audiences (which is much more powerful). The reason the JC brand has been able to do this is because of the experience a customer gets when going into a store or a pop-up shop. When a customer sees their Johnny Cupcakes shirt they remember an experience they had when purchasing the shirt. I personally have two JC shirts (one was given as a gift so I dont have an experience to associate with that but my parents, who bought the shirt for me do). I do have a vivid recollection of an experience I had when purchasing my first Johnny Cupcakes t-shirt at a pop-up shop on Marthas Vineyard. There was a line of people waiting at a small bakery for it to open its doors. Everyone was unsure of what the t-shirts would look like because the designs had not yet been released. Not knowing what shirts will be sold definitely gives a little sense of excitement and surprise; and being excited about a brand goes a long way with customer loyalty. The waiting fans were given diner-like menus to see what shirts would be available. This definitely embodies the Johnny Cupcakes culture and experience. Once the doors were open to the bakery only a few people were allowed in at a time. This also gave the impression of exclusiveness. The limited edition shirts available were all Marthas Vineyard related. Not only is MV a huge tourist location, but being a resident of the island I had a sense of pride and being able to wear something relating to the island meant something to me, as I am sure it did to others, whether they were residents or tourists gaining a unique souvenir. After purchasing the shirt and leaving the bakery, I was greeting outside by Johnny Earle himself who not only took a picture with me, but also signed my shirt. My parents had a similar experience, telling me what a meaningful conversation they had with Johnny. Every time I pull out my JC t-shirt, I remember my unique experience of t-shirt buying. Johnny Cupcakes is a differentiation strategy user that sells an experience, along with his products. The way the business is run creates fans. JC leverages the companys resources, the customer experience, to create fans and a following of the brand. There are a handful of such loyal fans that fly out to all his releases to be able to experience them and not miss out on any product or show. JC, on a smaller scale, reminds me of the cult following of The Grateful Dead. Deadheads knew each show was unique and didnt want to miss out on any one of them. There are many Johnny Cupcakers who feel the same way. On March 24 of 2011, Johnny Cupcakes went international and opened up a store in London. Johnny had previously tested the waters in London by way of pop-up stores. His store in London was a huge hit, and he plans on a huge one-year celebration. Johnny opened up his store in London the same way he started is brand and opened up his other stores in the USA, with no investors, partnerships, or alliances. He started off small and threw his profits right back into his brand. One of the things Johnny Cupcakes prides itself on is not having to use investors or other companies to grow their brand. Part of this is what makes the brand who and what they are today. By staying authentic and listening to their market, Johnny Cupcakes will be continue to be successful in the years to come. With more years of success under his belt, Johnny may want to further exp and his brand in the global market. References Earle, J. (2012). Story. Retrieved from: http://www.johnnycupcakes.com Hundreds, B (2011). The 50 Greatest Streetwear Brands. Retrieved from: http://http://www.complex.com/style/2011/06/the-50-greatest-streetwear-brands Spaeder, K. (2007). By Popular Demand. Retrieved From: http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/177912

The Unification of China Essay Example for Free

The Unification of China Essay When I first read the entire Sima Qian document, I immediately thought that I was entering top secret files or records or something like a diary from Qian himself. Then I realized that this was his job, to document the activities of the Emperor, and I got a little less excited about the drama within the reading but focused on the material. The unification of China had its good and bad results. I personally think that the results could have been obtained a different and less cruel way than what the Emperor did, but regardless of the process, a totalitarian government was formed as a result of the events unifying China. When the Emperor ordered the history and free speech to be destroyed, in his mind at the time it made sense. He was trying to rule a nation and eventually graduate to the world in the eyes of the way that one person, himself, shall see it and run it. That makes perfect sense to erase, or order everyone, to burn all remains of education, knowledge, and information from the society he wished to overtake. He was a very smart man because he was intelligent enough to try to get everyone to see that it was his way or death, and everyone feared death so they obeyed his orders and ridded all documents and books among other paraphernalia. This man reminded me of Hitler almost except Hitler used more psychological tactics and convinced a whole nation that they were superior to the Jews. The Emperor here just threatened everyone to side with him or they were to be executed, so logically these citizens just did what he said to avoid dying. I can’t say I wouldn’t have done the same exact thing they did. Most people were probably scared of this man and the amount of power he obtained and how he was using his power was threatening within itself. The Emperor really was in his own little world psychologically and he tried to make that fake world a reality almost and forced others to do what he wanted to make his fantasy a reality. Apparently there was some kind of myth involving immortality herbs and plants or something of that nature and of course the Emperor’s greedy ass  wanted it and had people searching for this substance; then he ordered people to start building walls and roads, which is where the Great Wall of China came from, and hiding him out in places because he didn’t want anyone to know of his whereabouts as he gets this sacred plant of immortality. At some point in what I call his personal solitary confinement, he goes crazy thinking that just because the carriages and outriders a re outside that they all know that he is located there in the mountains and even when they leave, he is still paranoid and blamed the eunuchs for leaking his hide out spot. He approaches the eunuchs, gathers them all and asked them who exposed of his get-a-way place and of course none of them confessed (probably because none of them did it) and he arrested them all and executed them. At this point, I’m thinking this man is either crazy or on a super power struggle and it might be a mixture of both. Master Hou and Master Lu prove exactly everything that I said was true with this quote, â€Å"The First Emperor is by nature obstinate, cruel, and self-willed. He rose up from among the feudal rulers to unite the entire empire, and now that he has achieved his ends and fulfilled his desires, he believes that there has never been anyone like him since remote antiquity†¦the emperor delights in showing his authority by punishing and killing, and everyone throughout the empire dreads punishment and tries merely to maintain his position, none daring to exert true loyalty. The emperor never learns of his mistakes and hence grows daily more arrogant, wh ile his underlings, prostrate with fear, flatter and deceive him in order to curry favor. This moved me in the sense that I cannot image this crazy man being my president or having any type of power because he obviously doesn’t know how to use it properly for humanity. This man killed people without thinking twice but simply because he had the power to do it, he did. That kind of mentality is shocking and then to know he had no remorse for killing 460 scholars for no reason is even more shocking. He got each scholar to sell each other out and they still got killed anyway. It’s just depressing that a human being would do that much damage and kill all those people with the simple title of â€Å"Emperor.† I don’t think that him unifying China was supposed to happen honestly. He wanted to unify the world into little Martians of what he wanted it to be which is why he took the approach of invading all of those cities and taking everything that the â€Å"black-headed people† had so they would have nothing else to live for than  what he emplo yed them to do because they almost had no other choice if they wanted to survive. The only other option, given the Emperor’s history, is most likely death so they just accepted his invasion and turned into little robots for him. This was probably the Emperor’s plan for how he was going to take over the entire world, but of course we know it didn’t get quite that far. The first Emperor’s impact was quite beneficial for the people. They realized that after having only one person running a country that it turns to chaos with a major power struggle and the only way to have a good civilization is for all of the little cities to come together and rule as a whole. This emperor’s craziness was all the motivation for the people to unite and become as one nation instead of many little ones that will only fight for power and resources. They collected all weapons and put the materials to good use in casting bells, bell stands, and statues. The remainder was used in the palace and the people created one standard writing system for the future.

Early childhood care and education

Early childhood care and education The purpose of this essay is to first of all analyse the historical and political underpinning of social injustice of early childhood education. Then, I will define cultural identity and demonstrate awareness of the ways in which childrens cultural identities impact in both their access to early care and education and any benefits they may gain from it. Then I will examine my own practice in order to address inequalities there and finally critically evaluate a wide range of research related to this topic. Early childhood care and education has apparently been based on an important topic such as social justice. It has mainly focused on children from poorer backgrounds, and been directed by two theories right from the beginning. The first is that the home is the main environment for care and education of children to occur, this is provided by the parents, siblings, relatives and family friends. The second option is an early years environment where children are taught through forming positive relations and learning experiences which will help them to be good and law abiding members of their society. Nevertheless, because the perception of the poor was that they were not just coping with poverty; they were also thought of as been deprived of their social and cultural aspects of their lives. This instigated the provision of nurseries outside the homes with the view of providing quality care for the children (Bloch, 1987). According to Cater and Goodwin (1994) there are three paradigms which have to be considered when exploring the social, economic and political history of early childhood care and education? These are the inferiority paradigm; the deficit or cultural deprived paradigm; and cultural difference paradigm. The inferiority paradigm is based on speculation that a certain race is genetically and biologically inferior to the white race. The culturally deprived paradigm is composed of racial, cultural, linguistic and socioeconomically diverse people to a white middle-class. The cultural difference paradigm is based on the influence of cultural differences on the lives, experiences and identities of diverse groups in ways that make them very special. All three paradigms have contributed to the preparation and running of the early years curriculum and early childhood policies. The inferiority paradigm was evident in the 18th and 19th century when the curriculum focused on spiritual salvation and moral development during Sunday schools, infant and primary schools where the poor and deprived children attended (Bloch, 1987; Nourot, 2005). This was to mould and shape the children to be law abiding citizens as those in charge of the institutions felt the mothers were failing them in their nurturing. Church missionaries funded crà ¨ches to assist the influx of immigrants from mostly Africa. In addition, Tyack (1974) informs us that these early years settings were run by rich white business men who held a view of certain morals so they used Christianity to glorify the study of values of dead rural traditions. The 1960s saw the war on poverty as a sign of the culturally deprived paradigm. This was because sociologists put forward a suggestion that it was in the best interest of the child to gain experiences at school as the home environment was not conducive. They therefore proposed that educators should create experiences in schools that would counter the effects of deprivation Cater Goodwin, 1994, p. 298). The cultural difference paradigm was picked up on by scientists in the early to mid 20th century. They raised issues to the fact that being of colour does not mean one is mad, but they are aware of the importance of their beliefs that clearly defines their culture. Multicultural education and the means of teaching cultural awareness are examples of cultural difference paradigm. The two actions did awaken practitioners in the field of childcare with regards to the awful treatment the children of colour have endured and that by accepting and bringing together their culture into the curriculum can improve and benefit them in their learning and achieving success (Carter Goodwin, 1994). Consequently, these paradigms have influenced development and how services are offered to children today. Needless to say in the 21st century the effect of childcare though is child- centred, there is still interest on the disadvantaged who need policies to improve their lives, hence the Green Paper Every Child Matters (DfEE, 2003b). This is to ensure every child reaches their full potential by being safe, enjoy and achieve, economical well being, make a positive contribution and being healthy. Furthermore, the introduction of the Special Educational Needs Code of Practice and Special Educational Needs and Disability Act ( DfEE, 2001) which deals with identification assessment and provision in the early years education settings all of which are expected to have regard to the Code of Practice. Another policy which has swept the UK by storm has been from the influence of Reggio Emilia from Italy and Te Whariki from New Zealand which has had some influence on the Early Years Foundation Stage. More so the Te Whariki as it also a government led initiative intended to work with children of diverse groups. Its take on holistic view of the child and empowerment of the child and family and the fact that the family is at the heart of the well-being of the child has captured the mind of the UK government as they seek ways of improving childcare and education in Britain. Britain is and has always been a multicultural society, which is evident as before it became United Kingdom. The history of slavery confirms that Africans were in Britain before the arrival of the Anglo-Saxon (Fryer, 1984). India was also associated with Britain over 10,000 years (Visram, 1986). Due to mass immigration from many parts of the world children come from diverse backgrounds into nurseries and schools. It is therefore very important that practitioners first of all learn to respect these children and then teach them to respect each other irrespective of disability, gender, skin colour, religion and beliefs or economic background. It is crucial that practitioners see children as part of society because they are vulnerable and need adults to care for them, value and protect them. This can be addressed when early years practitioners work in partnership with parents. The research of Siraj-Blatchford (1996) for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) believe in schools having close contacts with parents. In my previous school, we made home visits before the children start in order to meet with the parents of the prospective child and the rest of the family. This is an opportunity to chat informally and gather information about the child, likes and dislikes in terms of food and things they like to do or not, as well as any medical concerns, dietary requirement and many more. It is also an opportunity to learn about the childs culture and language used at home and to make an initial assessment of what they are capable of. Above all this is the time when the practitioners and parents or carers establish mutual trust and identify any infringing barriers which can upset the childs development. Even though the nursery has an open-door policy for the parents to visit whenever without prior arrangements, if they take the initiative unannounced the teacher in charge gets cross which instantly creates a barrier and it goes against the policy. According to research children learn about their feelings from the way people treat them. If children are treated with love and respect, they gain a positive feeling about themselves and like to please the adults in their environment and work hard to be successful. However, if on the contrary they are treated poorly or know the adults in their environment do not appreciate their presence, they will feel down and have low self esteem and not make any attempt of striving to achieve anything in their lifes but see themselves as failures. This is in relation to my presentation regarding is my setting inclusive of children with social emotional and behaviour difficulties. Before children start nursery or school they have developed a culture in their homes where customs and traditions have been part of their lives so as practitioners we have a duty to know of the various cultures they come from. What is culture? It is about attitudes and values underpinning patterns of tradition and custom which determines everyday aspects of life, such as: role of men and women, bringing up children, language, how we eat, wash and care, furnish homes, religion, dance, music, art, literature, festivals and attitude to death and dying (Griffin, 2008). As culture is of great importance to the children and their families, we can unconsciously or without thinking create problems for the child through ignorance of the exact details regarding maybe their religion and other aspects of their culture. Therefore, we as early years educators have to be aware of the legislations and guidance which set out the framework of our responsibilities. An example is the Race relation Act of 1976 which is aimed to protect people from being discriminated against. Next, is the Childrens Act 1989 and Care Standard 2000 which set out for the registration and inspection of early years provision. The Equality Act 2006 made it illegal to discriminate in providing services based on the ground of religion. Subsequently, the Childcare Act 2006 requires an effective implementation of policies on equal opportunities and how a nursery is advocating diversity and differences. Children have basic human rights which according to Maslows hierarchy of needs are food, water, shelter, love and care, safety and protection. Because children have not got a voice they need other forms of protection as they are vulnerable and unable to ensure those who care for them take the responsibility to keep them safe. Notably the UN Convention specifies the rights of the child with regard to childcare and education that, children have the right to be with their family or those who care best for them, to provide enough food and clean water for their needs, adequate standard of living, health care, to play, kept safe, special care and training, not used as cheap workers or soldiers and to have a right to free education. In order for children to learn and develop well the provision has to adhere to standard 18 of the Guidance to the Standards for the award of Early Years Professionals Status (EYPS) which states that; EYPs commitment is to having strategies in place to meet the needs of all children, advocating for and upholding their rights and actively promoting equality of opportunity and anti-discriminatory practice. These are key to improving outcomes for children. In support of children to have admission to a quality provision there has to be equality of opportunity policy in place which will outline the admission criteria. This means opening up the right of entry for every child and their family so that they can make a full contribution in the educational settings. It is therefore important for practitioners and early years workers in every establishment to work according to the principles of equality and inclusive practice; these should be at the focal point of every setting. Seeing that early years workers are responsible for ensuring equal opportunities within their educational settings, it is very important that we support the children in our care to have the need to feel they belong in the nursery, as it is often the first establishment the child joins. Subsequently it is fundamental that the families are made to feel welcomed and to experience a sense of belonging. The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) say, All families are important and should be welcomed and valued in all settings. In practice this is evident on entering the main entrance of the school I work at, there are displays of welcome posters in all the languages spoken by the children who attend. There is always a member of staff to greet the children and their parents on arrival; this gives them an opportunity to discuss any concerns or a share interest of their child. Equally during registration the children are encouraged to respond to their names in their first language. Furthermore, the school encourages parents of children in the upper years to befriend the newly arrived through the organization of coffee mornings or after school activities. This is organized by the EAL (English as an additional language) teacher. Due to the diverse and multicultural society we find ourselves in it is important that we all learn to appreciate, understand and respect the different cultures and religions these children and their families bring to the school or nurseries. We need to reflect on the various cultures and a multilingual approach in the environment the children are in. A typical example is that of my school where there are displays on the walls in the hall of flags of the various countries where these children come from. Similarly each child in the school has painted their portrait along the corridor which depicts the diverse nature of children who attend the school of their uniqueness and individuality. Each day of the week has a specific music played as the children enter the class to associate it with which day it is. On every Monday the music played is Disney, Tuesdays is Caribbean, Wednesdays is Classical, Thursdays is Asian and Fridays is African music. Also in the home corner of the nursery are dressing up clothes from different cultures, variety of food from different countries as well as pots and pans, chop sticks, wok, calabash and many more artefacts of other cultures. Children who are Bilingual are supported through the use of Makaton, Pecs and picture time tables, object of reference and use of key words from their first language by staff. The nursery has cookery sessions once every week where by the children are introduced to food from around the world. During the month of the Chinese New Year the children visit the Chinese supermarket to purchase the cooking ingredients required to prepare a stir-fry, which is a type of dish from the Chinese community. In the shop the children get to experience all the different vegetables and fruits that come from China. The school supports the various cultures in the school through celebration of festivals. During the festival seasons the school and nursery participate fully by engaging the children in various projects. Two years ago when we had some children from the Chinese origin in the school, we put on a show of a dragon parade around the school grounds. There was a build up to this occasion as the children made and decorated the dragon. Parents were invited into the school to tell stories about the celebration of the Chinese New Year and support the children with art and craf t, and read a story in Chinese during assembly. Last year all Waddon schools celebrated black history together, with each school choosing an activity to plan and execute. The representatives of my school chose to prepare food with the children to give them the experience of some African dishes. Some of the schools did art and crafts, whilst the others engaged in African dancing. A member of staff read an African folk story to the children during assembly. I was selected along with a colleague as are both from Ghana, to organise the cookery session. It was great fun as the children engaged in the activities with excitement. This took place in the hall because there were more children to accommodate. Nearly half the group were from either from Africa or the Caribbean or of mixed heritage, they felt confident to discuss the dishes which they were familiar with, with their peers. I feel this type of initiative brings everybody in the community together and broadens the childrens horizons as the activity involves hands on. However I fe el that a similar activity should be provided for the other cultures so that the children do not perceive that one culture is more superior to the other. Although the nursery I work at is part of the school, it for children with special educational needs, their abilities vary from physically able to wheel chair users. The children are taught to value each other and those more able bodied are challenged with responsibilities to support the wheel chair users. All the children have access to the same activities however there are differentiated to accommodate the needs of every individual child. During physical education, children who are not mobile will be assisted in floor activities such as bouncing on a ball or gently rocked in a fabric or receive exercise prescribed by Occupational Therapists. According to the Early Years Foundation Stage, Every child is a unique individual with their own characteristics and temperament this relates to a particular child who was expelled from a day nursery he attended prior to coming to us. He was deemed challenging, a danger to himself and his peers. When the other members in my nursery read his report and made a home visit they built up misconceptions that he would be a challenge from the behaviour they saw. However, after making close observation of him I realized what he needed desperately was lots of emotional support. This could be because there was problem at home as well as been told off by practitioners who did not see his needs but just thought he was a liability, not forgetting their attitude toward him may have made him feel insecure and that the only way he knows how to get attention was to be on his worse behaviour. The nursery worked with him to gain back his confidence and self esteem through listening to him, acknowledging his needs and making sense of his gestures and providing him with the right support he needed. In a matter of weeks this child had gained self esteem and now imitating the role of the teacher caring for his less mobile peers. He is now a competent signer as can now make his needs known through that instead of exhibiting negative behaviours. Language is a powerful tool, in order for practitioners to use a language which will rid us of discrimination and prejudices we have to turn to the work of theorists to assists us to reflect on our practices. The work of social justice enables us examine the way we use language and that of our colleagues to bring about fairness in our settings. This will require equal treatment and devotion on the part of every practitioner as well as to be able to reflective on incidences which otherwise could have being tackled better. How would you feel when you have a strong feeling of someone not liking you and whisper remarks to their colleagues about you or make unconscious gesture? Dont we have an ethical obligation to these children? Or think for a moment how they feel? As practitioners we must always strive to show dedication in our roles by promoting social change in using language of fairness and respect then we will be providing a safe environment for the children in our care. Notably Fe nnimore (2005) brings to our attention that language is undoubtedly a very powerful instrument for social justice which is at the hands of every early childhood practitioners. The placement where I am doing my work placement has nearly half the class of black African and Caribbean origin; however the employed staffs do not reflect the community. This does not matter if they are working with the children to reach their full potential. Even though all the children seem to cope, I have noticed the children of colour were missing out on a role model. This is evident as when I am there, some of the children of colour come to me and request to play with me most of the time. Furthermore, I have realized the books and puzzles do not reflect the community either. This is a big surprise as the manager has children of mixed race which should give her incentive to providing the nursery with a wide range of books and wide range of resources. Alternatively, I am impressed with other aspects such as the stock of African drums which was supplied to the nursery through a form of grant. However, to my dismay the staff will not join in play with the children, even though each and everyone have been trained to use the drum. Similarly, I feel that some of the employees are not devoted to the roles as they spend most of their time chatting amongs t themselves. The only interaction I have witnessed is during focus activity, when they have to tick boxes to evident an accomplishment. I do not feel they treat their jobs seriously; instead they treat the nursery as a social environment. According to Vygotsky children learn with the support of an adult or an older child who foster the development of knowledge and ability to interact which will benefits the child. Nevertheless children in the nursery are left on their own to explore by themselves. The only contact these children receive is during activity sessions which are very brief. I have also discovered that these children are not encouraged to take risks during play as they are quickly stopped by the staff. The EYFS on the other hand says that children should be given opportunities to take risks and make mistakes. In order to provide a successful inclusion of children, there has to be an intervention which will take on board the holistic needs of children as well as working in partnership with parents and multi-agencies. Most importantly there has to be adequate training given to the staff, the ratio of children and practitioners has to be considered carefully, enough provision of necessary resources and equipments, but above all everyone willing to commit fully in their roles and to work as a member of a team. Inclusion is possible if we all discard prejudice and embrace everybody irrespective of who they are. Research from the UEA and NCB (2007) and Edward et al (2006) have provided evidence to support that Childrens Trust Pathfinders and Childrens Fund interventions have produced better inclusion of young people with disabilities through fun and safe places to interact, resulting in increased sense of community among the children and young people as well as improved access to schools, mainly for refugee and asylum seeking children and a reduction in children taken into care. The other strategy which is early intervention means when problems are detected in its earlier stage, it is dealt with promptly. This can be related to the child who was expelled because the staff did not work hard in finding what issue he had which made him behave the way he did. But once identified he is one of the loveliest children I have known. In conclusion I have explored the history of multiculturalism in Britain and the research paradigms that have underpinned early childhood education. Equally I have explored practices in my previous employment as to how policies are affecting the settings or not.

Free Essays - The Merchant of Venice is Far from Perfect :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

Auden's Dystopia The Merchant of Venice is Far from Perfect In a perfect world, hatred would be without justice; love would be totally innocent. However, utopias like that are nonexistent; thus, one can easily look around, like Auden, and exclaim, "No hatred is totally without justification, no love is totally innocent." In The Merchant of Venice, there is an imperfect world, as well as a perfect world. The flawed world is the materialistic and bustling city of Venice. The impeccable world is the fairy-tale city of Belmont. Despite Belmont's perfection, a bit of justified hatred from Venice would ruin its innocence. (Paradise lost.) Alas, as Auden suggests, there are no utopias. In Venice, time is of the essence. If one were to momentarily forget the real world, one would be trampled down by its massive stampede of events, bonds, et cetera constantly being made, ubiquitously in its domain. Shylock and Antonio are just one pair of culprits adding to the ultimate imperfection of Venice. However, the bond made between Shylock and Antonio sets them completely apart from the normal villainy dealings, "If you repay me not on such a day... let the forfeit / Be nominated for an equal pound / Of your fair flesh, to be cut off and taken..." [Act 1, Scene 3]. A shrewd merchant, Antonio does not immediately agree to this. He first reasons it out: "Within these two months--that's a month before / This bond expires--I do expect return / Of thrice three times the value of this bond." [Act 1, Scene 3] If all goes well, our merchant of Venice would have no difficulties in paying Shylock back. However, not all goes well; a while after this bond, rumors on the Rialto suggest that Antonio has lost his fortunes at sea. With not enough wealth to compensate for his due payment, Antonio is now in danger of losing a pound of his flesh, which in those days meant almost certain death. In Belmont's high peak, secluded from the merchants of Venice, time is a silhouette of the real world. Portia sits there weary and bored, waiting for the brave suitor who would agree to risk all for her. She is the perfect woman, wrought of both intelligence and beauty; she is like a doll trapped in Wonderland. In addition to those materialistic qualities, she is also a faithful daughter. She dutifully holds true to her father's dying wish and allows her suitors to be chosen by a lottery system.

art :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When looking into society once can be influenced by a number of issues. These issues can include art. Art is work that is put together by an individual. It is a true creative act that is used as a form of expression from the artist. Art is inspiring and can influence a society. Art work is seen through acting, music, and pictures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, one can see art through acting. Acting is a performance in which one disguises themselves and become a different individual. Acting is an expression of oneself. This act can be seen in plays, on Television and in movies. Acting is important to a society for it provides an escape route as well as a form of entertainment. Without acting there would be more boredom. Many rely on going to plays as well as watching television. Without these forms of art, it would be difficult for one to stay entertained. Acting is a form of art that is important to a society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secondly, music is a form of art. Song writers and singers use their talent to make music. Music is in spring and can influence others. Music can be seen as a form of entertainment also. It is constantly being played on the radio as well as clubs and concerts. Many listen to music to become entertained. For some, listening to an inspired song can effect their views, can also influence into reaching goals. Music is a well known form of art.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lastly, art can be seen in art galleries. Some forms of art that are usually seen are sculptures, paintings, and also photographs. All these forms are made uniquely and by persons. It is the fact that it is made by thought and made by a person that is called art. Sculptures of people and objects can be inspiring and educational to many. Paintings and photographs can contrast a mood in which can inspire a person. These forms of art are very important to society. If there were no galleries nor any forms of art than this world would be plain. Art forms surround society making it a more interesting, creative place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Art can bee seen in many places, it is everywhere one turns; billboards, houses, business buildings, outside.

John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath and William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury :: essays papers

John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, and William Faulkner’s novel, The Sound and the Fury Throughout history, many devastating economic, social, and environmental changes have occurred causing people to rise and overcome immense odds. In the 1930s, The Great Depression and the Dustbowl Disaster, a drought with horrific dust storms turning once-fertile agricultural lands of mid-America into virtual wastelands, forced thousands of destitute farmers to pack their families and belongings into their cars in search of agricultural work in central California. Years of degradation stemming from the end of slavery beginning at the conclusion of the Civil War destructed the old southern aristocratic families. These different external influences impact on the characters is seen in John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, and William Faulkner’s novel, The Sound and the Fury. Steinbeck illustrates and advocates drastic external changes in the economy and life style of the downtrodden migrants, as he follows the Joad family from Oklahoma to California. Faul kner depicts the decline of the aristocratic south through the eyes of the Compson children. The external changes, The Great Depression and the Dustbowl, affected the Joads economically and emotionally. By economic standards the Joads were poor before the Dust Bowl. However, they believed they had economic value and importance by working their own 40 acres of land. â€Å"Grampa took up the land, and he had to kill the Indians and drive them away. And Pa was born here†¦ Then a bad year came and he had to borrow a little money. An’ we was born here. And Pa had to borrow money. The bank owned the land then, but we stayed and we got a little bit of what we raised†(Steinbeck 45). Losing the farm, being forced to leave their home in a search of work, meant the loss of their social values. To the Joads, value and life importance rest in working the land and this ideology of the past made their emotional adjustment to being a wondering, an â€Å"Okie,† even more difficult. "The moving, questing people were migrants now. Those families which had li ved on a little piece of land, who had lived and died on forty acres, had now the whole West to rove in. And they scampered about, looking for work; and the highways were streams of people, and the ditch banks were lines of people.

Why same-sex marriage should be legal

Why same-sex marriage should be legal. BY aurore1997 Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Here we are today about to debate whether or not individuals in love with each other should be able to get married or not. Yet twelve years and 3 months is the time that has passed since the first homosexual marriage was made official in a Canadian province. Since 1996,because of the Defense of Marriage Act which prevented-and still does- homosexual couples from receiving benefits traditionally conferred by marriage ; states have scrambled to efine their own stance on the issue.The restriction of marriage to heterosexual couples should be abolished because it is discriminatory to homosexual couples. Most conservatives use Christianity as a backup for their argument. But unlike what they may all think, homosexuality is not a sin. It is a strong tendency ordered towards a moral evil, you may want to discuss this point but it was said in a Vatican letter in the year 1986. Under the papacy of his hol iness John Paul II. There's absolutely no eason of principle that emotional union should be restricted to heterosexual couples.Nor are there any constitutional reason,in fact the act that ‘defines' marriage to be the union of a man and a woman was proven unconstitutional. As it goes against the tenth amendment of the United States constitution. We believe that our society is open-minded but the issue of gay marriages proves us wrong. Homosexuals are called perverts by the majority of the world population. People that are supposed to set examples do not, in February 2004, a Belgian cardinal publicly aid that he would not open his door for any homosexuals because they are sexual perverts.They are not perverts, they are sensitive humans like you and me , they just have a different sexual orientation, in fact a recent study proved that homosexuals rate their relationship more favorably than heterosexuals do and the average homosexual relationship lasts longer than the average hete rosexual relationship. According to this study they ‘know how to love' better than heterosexuals do. Despite all these factors, people still dare to call homosexuals perverts Just because they are the minority.Is this not similar to racism ? In my opinion it sure is. Regarding the Belgian cardinal harsh words,a Vatican spokesperson said, â€Å"People with a homosexual inclination must be accepted with respect,compassion and sensitivity†. Homosexuals feel more accepted after the marriage according to a survey. They also observed that people give more credibility and less perversity to their relationship when they are officially and legally arried.We observed through bullying that what society feels about you can make you feel confident but it might as well push you to suicide. Refusing to legalize homosexual marriage gives the right to society to mock homosexuals and to exclude them because they are different. Exile leads to depression and to suicide in most cases. Do we want more unnatural deaths in this country ? I am sure we do not. The restriction of marriage to heterosexual couples should be abolished because it is discriminatory to homosexual couples.

Martin Luther King Jr. Essay

Martin Luther tycoon, jr.is a prominent Afri plenty Ameri brush aside in the history of the plug intoed States of America renown for his obliging pr executeiced hands activism in his life making him an important gracious rights icon even to mean solar day. Martin Luther queen Jr was natural in Atlanta, Georgia on 15th January 1929 in a Christian family with his come Martin Luther queen Sr. a sacred and his m early(a) Alberta Williams queer. He had deuce siblings, an quondam(a) sister and a younger brother. King grew up in Atlanta and go to Bookker T Washington High School. He joined Morehouse College at the age of fifteen and later in 1948 graduated with a degree in Arts majoring in sociology.He later enrolled in Cruzer theological Seminary for theological studies and graduated in 1951. He enrolled in Boston University for his doctorate in systematic theology and received his PHD in 1955. He married Coretta Scott in 1953 and had quartette children. In 1954 he became De xtor Avenue Baptist church Pastor at the age of 25. In 1955 he led the Montgomery motorcoach Boycott, 1957 assisted the founding of southerly Christian Leadership conference, 1963 led run into on Washington where he delivered his I cast off a Dream speech and in1964, he received Nobel Peace prize. there afterward his focuses was on poverty Vietnam War and religion and in 1968 April 4th, he was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. His importee is calm down matt-up and impart been rewarded the 1977 presidential thenar of Freedom, 2004 Congressional Gold Medal and the get together States further established a beaal pass in his wonder in 1986. (Bruns 1-30) Martin Luther King Jr accomplished a consider in his life. The 1955 Montgomery cumulus Boycott which he led was as a result of the smashions and contrasts that African Americans were going away through from the dominating whites.The Jim vaunt laws existed and which separate non-white communities in public services. The boycott lasted for a year leading to Kings arrest and his house bombing. However, he determined the termilanded estate of racial segregation on the buses and Jim exult laws amendment in 1965. With other civil rights activists, Martin Luther founded the southwardern Christian leadership conference in 1957. This group aimed at mobilizing the ominous churches against civil right abuse. Kings utilize non force play techniques in his awareness a concept he borrowed from Mahatma Gandhi.In 1960s the American regime were dominated by civil right injustices. Kings therefore mobilized the society on right to vote, labor rights, civil rights and desegregation. He became so influential from public opinion sympathy. However, he was flourishing in influencing the civil rights act of 1964 and voting rights act 1965. In his armed combat against desegregation, King found himself in employment with the law and in life expectant incidents. At unmatched time he was stubbed on the chest by a woman because of his stance. In 1961 he was arrested and imprisoned along others in Albany movement.In 1963 along with SCLC he led the Birmingham campaigns that lasted for two months against each(prenominal) racial segregations and discriminatory laws. In these campaigns they confronted with the law enforcers and umpteen were arrested. Children likewise took into the campaigns. disrespect Kings Advocate for non-violent campaigns, at times storm exceeded and violence was reported. These campaigns were probatory in the Jim Crow laws removal and Kings composition growth. He was in any case influential in the 1964 St Augustine and Selma Marches against whites harassment.The 1963 March of Washington was really authoritative in the history of Martin Luther Kings as well as that of the United States. It attracted around half a million volume from all racial backgrounds. It is at this place that he give tongue to his I get down a in recall speech that act upond and l iquid licks Americans even today. The process aimed at voicing vacatedom and equality in all sectors like in jobs. Along with other civil rights movements and activists, they piano on poor wages, desegregations in public institutions like schools, protection of civil movements from patrol brutality, self judicature for Washington among others. there after, he continued with his activism expressing his stance on compensation of the disadvant fourth-year and black Americans. He was involved in Bloody sunshine saga and deviated the Chicago marches that included the Belmont Cragin, Bogan, Gege Park, and half-evergreen Park alongside others. He also opposed the Vietnam War terming the American organisation involvement as goal oriented and as the purveyor of the violence. Beyond Vietnam speech was in truth significant in his stance on Vietnam. He basically criticized the United States government involvement in to this war.All these pressures and influences he had against the Ame rican government made him very insecure. His life was endangered with instances of even somatic assaults and life threats. All these led to his assassination in 1968 when in his civil duties. His decease still remains a disceptation as his enemies ranged from the government to individuals. His influence still remains even today. His is known to flip influenced legion(predicate) prominent large number including Jesse capital of Mississippi and Barrack Obama. His influence was also felt in the third orbit countries across Africa and Asia.(Bruns 1-143) The thoughts and the life of Martin Luther Kings Jr are very significant non only to the Americans but to the macrocosm at large. Many of the third knowledge domain countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia founder drawn their political dominance peel from his teachings. By the year 1968 in his assassination, many African countries had acquired independence but elements of Europeans attend still dominated their political and sparing settings. They abide applied kings thoughts to seek fully their independence.In South Africa, prominent people against apartheid like Desmond Tutu, Nelson and Winnie Mandela, Alan Boesky have commendd kings thought in their struggle. The social di good deals characterizing roughly nations in the world have brought discrimination of the lower classes. For instance the Rich appropriate the poor. The poor have continued seek and in most cases they have apply the kings non violence dodging for fear that the well-off would tame them in violence. (Roof 113-115) African American originally migrated in the United States as slaves. They were discriminated and oppressed in their places of work.Even after the abolishment of slavery, elements of oppression and discrimination were still rampant in American society. There was and have been the need to address this make out as the superiority nature of US depends on its entire people and not a particular racetrack. Martin L uther was among the many people who have dedicated their lives to create a racialism free society. He challenged the United States government which led to the abolishment of constitution based discriminative elements. It was upon his efforts that many other anti-segregation and civil rights have emerged.They have challenged consecutive government enhancing equality in race in the United States society. As a super power, United States have significantly influenced the global community against racism. It has influenced the united nation to act against racism in European world a place where racism is one of the major social issues. His influence is not only in black people but also in minority group in the world. Martin Luther King Jr is celebrated for he sowed the seeds of healing and intrust in United States. His leadership was courageous, truthful, and clement of dignity and humility.He advocated for forgiveness, unconditional respect and nonviolence element that most of the su ccessful leader in the world today have adopted. His expression in the pipe dream of America has in itself a exercise set to copy. He emphasized multiracial nation bound by justice, peace and reconciliation. His holiday is very significant in the American unity. There is not other day that brings all races together in a vibrant spirit of togetherness. The Hispanic, African Americans, internal Americans and all other immigrants feel they are part of the Luthers dream on America.He had a vision on the world that its people and nations will overcome poverty, war, racism and violence. He had a vision on ecumenical solidarity which implied that all faiths have a significant contribution to the be whapd society. His life and thoughts have also had an influence to many people in that his survival of the fittest in threats and beatings for the sake of the freedom for others. ( rev up King Holiday) In education, he influenced sociology. He was an advocate of non violence reconciliation and unconditional honeymaking perspectives that can be applied in resolving power social conflicts.His emphasis on what is the most loving way I can resolve this conflict? in solving problem is the most diplomatical method that many nations have applied in solving their differences. He prompted love to all mankind. In his holiday Americans take that opportunity to help the unfortunate the ptyalise and the poor in their society. His life is also significant to the Christianity way of life. It emphasized the love of God and the love for your neighbor as the greatest commandment. He was food of quoting the playscript and almost lived a perfect way. deliveryman Himself died for the good of the people to set them free from their sins.Martin Luthers died in the war for freedom of his people. He has influence many non-Christians to join the faith and also many Christians to simulate his strategies (The compete Begins) The election of Barrack Obama as the president of the United S tates is a verbal expression of Martin Luther King fight against racism in the US. It is an evidence of the extent the United States people have reached in race relation. It reflects Americans citizens decisions not on the color of the scratch up but on the content and characters of its leaders. Obamas appointment can be draw to be a fulfillment of Kings dream.He expressed his hopes in an equitable society and appealed to the example intellect of Americans. It is under this inspiration that the American voted in. Obamas win was also on discretion to those amongst the American who are still in racism ideologies. Kings influence will continue as much(prenominal) racist are now apparent to reform making US a racism free society. (Zaid) Martin Luther king Jr was a young man who has influenced a lot of young men around the world. He worked tirelessly to fully realize his probable despite the challenges he came across. Unfortunately he was assassinated.His life has been a challen ge to many youth who are vulnerable in loosing hope. His life is a testimony implying everybody can succeed in all areas in life. The ideology that the to a greater extent one is aged the more successful is a issue of the past. Many youths have exploited their talents and have really succeeded under kings inspiration. They are evident in sports, entertainment, politics, argumentation and education. He emphasized on moral consciousness a concept that when adapted, one can refrain from civil disobedience reducing violation through medicate abuse and other crimes.For any society to succeed in all dimensions of life, it essential observe equality, be moral conscious, follow the civil rights, and use friendly strategy in solving conflicts. These were the kings major advocacies. He is a significant icon in the United States success. Therefore, his strategies should be used all over the world in foreign and domestic polices. His thoughts and strategies can be effective in solving many conflicts around the world. Nation-nation conflicts whitethorn be resolved using a more friendly and diplomatic strategy.Domestic violence especially in African communities may be solved without violation of humanity rights and civil rights. Even as Kings influence continue to be felt all over, even as his dreams start fulfilling a lot need to be make to address the uncovered issues that still oppress the minority and the poor. He fought for civil movements and who should in turn continue challenging the violators of justice. persist citedRoof, C. W.World Order and Religion SUNY Press, 1991 113 115 Bruns, R. Martin Luther King, Jr A Biography Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006 1 143 Rev King Holiday. Martin Luther king. Retrieved on Monday, celestial latitude 08, 2008 from, http//www. theholidayspot. com/martin_luther_king_day/meaning. htm Zaid, I. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , Barack Obama, and the Fate of America. 2008. Retrieved on Monday, December 08, 2008 from, http//www. new islamicdirections. com/nid/notes/dr_martin_luther_king_jr_barack _obama_and_the_fate_of_america/ The Struggle Begins. Lecture 25 Martin Luther Kings. Retrieved on Monday, December 08, 2008 from, http//www. wfu. edu/matthetl/perspectives/twentysix. html

I Was Helping My Mother When Suddenly… Essay

I was aiding my beget in the kitchen when suddenly an ear-piercing sound struck from above.I dashed to the hurrying floor to take discover what was happened. Oh god.What is this?I wondered epoch pointing at a track. I knew something weird was happened.The sign was familiar.I ignored it.Instead,to make my mother calm,I give tongue to that was nix occurred as she is suffering from cardio-illness,a common disease suffered by the Malaysian.Whats happening? my mother asked me.nothing,just the sound of lightning.We kick atomic reactorstairs close the windows.Maybe rain will pour down, I showed a relaxing expression as at that place was nothing happened,relax.. not at all in all.I thought gumption about the footprint.That footprint was so familiar,but I look could not remember where I found that.David,can you help me to take the cooking pot in the loft?my mother requested.Oh,pleaseI am afraid of the dark.I express. My mother then mumbled and said that I was standardised my late sustain,an achluophobia man.Oh,you want to know what was happened to my father?Actually,he was an engineer,to be specific,engineer in rock oil derrick.Last month,he went to the oil platform in the middle of the sea at Jertih,Terengganu. He said he went there for only 4 days,but he still not went back after 2 weeks.My mother annunciateed the management office in Jertih.They said that he was gone while in his path to the seashore. I missed your father,Davidmy mother said to me. suffer to the main point.I investigated the footprint in my room.And I looked up,the window was unfasteneded.I walked towards it,scouted outside.There was nothing there.I closed the window and laid down onto my bed. OuchWhat is this?I asked myself.There was a small knock on my bed.I wondered what was inside it.I opened the brown box.There was a necklace,made up of pure gilded. wherefore there was a gold necklace in my room? Suddenly,my room became dark.NoNot this timeArgghhI expressed my dissati sfaction. I ran to my mothers room.My terrible fear towards the darkness was to the limit,especially when it happened all of a sudden.I hid under my mothers blanket. DavidWhy are you being like this?Theres nothing to be afraid of,My mother quipped me. Suddenly,my residence bell rang.My mother asked me to open the approach to check out who is coming.To be a good son,I braved myself to open the door.I paced to the door and opened it.The creaking sound of the door enhanced my fear up.I was already trepidated.I looked up and I could see an apparition of a tall creature.It was so dark that I could not see it clearly. beatifiedWhat is this?I whispered.I grabbed a torchlight to see what was the heading in front of my house door.I Found out that was the man I knew, Mr.David Chelshire.He was my father I was flabbergasted. Is this a dream?I asked myself.I was confused.My father was believed to be gone on his way to the seashore from the oil platform last month. This is me,DavidThis is meH e said.I yelled and called my mum down.She was shocked and nearly fainted when she saw my father. Actually,I think this thing with the workers in the management office.I knew that your mother would call them.And my plan to be back in our anniversary Day Became true.He added. He asked me to take the gold necklace he left in my room.I took the necklace and gave to him.Then,he gave to my mum. Happy anniversary Day,my dearmy father said to my mother. My mother cried.Now,all mysteries solved.That was the reality.About the footprint,it was the footprint of a pair of shoes I bought for my father for his birthday.And believe me,it was the sweetest Anniversary Day for them,perhaps.